The publication of this Handbook was supported by the Russian Federation

This model can be applied in assessments of the following:
-  the water-physical, physicochemical, biological and other properties of  zonal soils and natural 
ecosystems;
-  methods for controlling the moisture, chemistry and other soil regimes. 
-  If   < 1 , then water regime of  soils should be controlled by drainage and pH regime – by 
liming. If  > 1 , then irrigation and gypsum application are needed for the respective purposes. 
It is most difficult to control fertile chernozems and chestnut soils of  steppe and dry steppe 
zones, where a change in either direction inevitably leads to deterioration of  soil condition;
-  the trends and rates of  changes in properties and fertility of  soils that result from agricultural 
land use and changes in the R value.

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Chapter 3.Assessing and forecasting the development of soil salinization and alkalinization processes  
vertical axis = r
elative values of z
onal soil par
ameters