Read and translate the text Assessment of agro-ecological condition of irrigated lands by modeling and remote sensing

Read and translate the text
Assessment of agro-ecological condition of irrigated lands by modeling and remote sensing.
Hydrologic analyses often involve the evaluation of soil water infiltration, conductivity, storage, and plant-water relationships. To define the hydrologic soil water effects requires estimating soil water characteristics for water potential hydraulic conductivity using soil variables such as texture, organic matter (OM), and structure. Field or laboratory measurements are difficult, costly, and often impractical for many hydrologic analyses.
Statistical correlations between soil texture, soil water potential, and hydraulic conductivity can provide estimates sufficiently accurate for many analyses and decisions. This study developed new soil water characteristic equation from the currently available USDA soil database using only the readily available variables of soil texture OM. These equations are similar to those previously reported by Saxton el a … but include more variables and application range. They were combined with previously reported relationships for tensions and conductivities and the effects of agricultural water characteristics for density, gravel, and salinity to form a comprehensive predictive system of soil water characteristics for agricultural water management and hydrologic analyses.
Verification was performed using independent data sets for a wide range of soil textures.
The predictive system was programmed for a graphical computerized moel to provide easy aplication and rapid solutions and is available at http: hydrolab.arsusda.gov/soilwater/Index.htm A long history of increase in population pressure in Java has caused agricultural land use to expand and intensify.
More recend land use changes caused the conversion of prime agricultural land into residential and industrial area. Results of a dynamic .regional –scale. land use changes . The model is based on multi-scale modeling of the relations between land use and socio-economic and biophysical determinants.
Historical validation showed that the model can adequately simulate the pattern of land use change. Future patters of land change between 1994 and 2010 are simulated assuming further urbanization .The result suggest that most intensive land use changes will occur in Java’s low land areas.
A geographical Information System (GIS)-based plan used to assess the possibility and performance of a canola (Brassica napus I…) –soybean (Glycine max l…) rotation in Golestan province, one of the most important agricultural production regions of iran. For this purpose, all needed raster layers, including climatic (precipitation, temperature), topographic (aspects and slope) and soil-related layers, were provided by interpolation, surface analysis and other related techniques in GIS . Overland layers were used to judge the capacity of agricultural lands to rotate a conala –soybean system in the study area, which included four important basins.
Based on defined scenarios and pre-determined ecological requirements of the two studied crops , five suitability classes were detected and mapped. Our results this 82 % of total lands are very suitable to rotate soybean after canola while most agricultural lands in the study area fell into the moderate and low suitability classes. The consistency of results adopted from final overlaid maps with real statistics in the study regions show that GIS as systemis approach can play a vital role in saving time and reducing research costs. These results could help policy makers to design proper cropping patterns, particularly rotation systems.