The object of the research

The urgency of the work is caused by the following reasons. The theme which we investigate possesses such urgency that lesson plan is so necessary and useful to teach easily. If teachers use lesson plan, it would be quite efficient way to teach. They will learn some important facts about lesson plan by this course paper.
The aim of the study is to investigate the important and plus sides of lesson plan. In addition to this, such components of lesson plan are given in this course paper that every teacher should know. Moreover, this course paper informs what is actually lesson plan? Why teachers use or should use it? What is the main purpose of it? etc.
Theoretical value of the work. This course paper includes theories and approaches of scholars, teachers, their methods, examples of lesson plan.
Practical value of the work. All the analysis investigated and recommended can be utilized during the lesson and teaching process.
Methods of the course paper can be included the followings such as investigative method, observation method. The structure of the work is determined by the aims and objectives of the research set out above. The thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, a bibliography.

CHAPTER I The origin of the lesson plan

1.1 The origin of the lesson plan.

Lesson plan has originated from Gestalt psychology. The Gestalt theory of learning has a great influence on human learning. In the school the whole is perceived by a part. ¹A unit plays an important role in learning. The learner usually takes help of the units in understanding and grasping the whole concept. The meaningful activities are related are related to one another within a unit. These activities provide the purposeful learning experiences and the learner understands the whole concept. This theory originates the concept of “Unit Plan”. The unit plan is based on two streams of thoughts: Herbart propounds the first approach. He stresses on the content and information in a unit plan. John Dewy and .They have emphasized on the experiences of learners in a unit plan rather than information. B. F. Skinner has provided a recent approach to a unit plan. The focus of his unit plan is the modification of behavior. His major assumption about learning is that the student learns better if the content is provided in small units. The unit-plan is the crucial aspect of a lesson plan.
Teaching is organized in three phases: pre-active, interactive and post-active. All the activities of a teacher and his planning done prior of the timings of his class are called pre-active.² “Lesson plan is the title given to a statement of the achievement to be realized and the specific meaning by which these are to be attained as a result of the activities engaged during the period.³” Binning and Binning have explained the structure and purpose of lesson planning in their definition. “All lesson planning involves defining the objectives, selecting and arranging the subject-matter and determining the method and procedure.
In order to understand what a lesson plan is, it is important to fully understand the concept of a lesson. A lesson is a single activity or a series of activities designed by the teacher so as to achieve one or more instructional objectives determined, or desired in promoting positive change in the learner. A lesson is thus a period of instruction or contact between the teacher and the learners which is totally devoted to a prior identified, specified and single limited title, skill, content or idea. In addition to lesson planning is the activity which the teacher performs before the actual lesson takes place; a lesson plan is a detailed description of the instructional strategies and learning activities to be performed during the teaching and learning process. Lesson plans are the best way to deliver an effective and engaging lesson.
Lesson plans also help keep you on track to ensure that your learners hit their goals and targets, in line with your course curriculum. But sometimes in the high-pressure world of education it can be difficult to find the time to create inspiring lesson plans on your own. We’ve gathered together 28 of the best lesson plan examples on the internet that you can use to ensure your lessons are insightful and inspiring. A lesson plan is a document that outlines the content of your lesson step-by-step.⁴ It’s a list of tasks that your students will undertake, to help guide your teaching. A lesson plan is usually prepared in advance and can either cover a one-off activity, an entire lesson, a unit or course, a day, or a week. Lesson plans are primarily documents that are printed, or saved as a PDF for a teacher to follow. You can create your own lesson plan layout or pick a predesigned lesson plan template.⁵
A lesson plan is the instructor’s road map of what students need to learn and how it will be done effectively during the class time. A lesson plan is important as a cornerstone of successful teaching practice. You don’t go into battle without a plan. Walking into a room full of young people and expecting them to engage and respond to you with nothing prepared is a recipe for disaster. Through trial and error, you will reach that level where a couple of quick notes in your day-planner will be all the preparation you need. However, when you begin teaching, lesson planning is an essential skill for you to develop. We know that people that plan for the future are those that are sure of their objectives. That is why in education to plan a lesson is extremely necessary. In this article a lesson plan is define as a source or tool that guides teachers through their working learning process. It is imperative for a teacher to plan his/her lessons since this has the content, method, activity, practice and material the teacher will use in the development of the class. Teachers that do not use a lesson plan usually mislead the learning process. A lesson plan is guided by objectives that the students will assimilate, learn and perform. It can also serve as “a useful in-lesson reminder to you of your pre-lesson thought” ⁶
To write a lesson plan takes time. The activities included are well organized to assure the students learning. In an ESL or EFS lesson plan teachers integrate the four macro skills since they do not occur in isolation in real life. As a matter of fact, the use of one skill leads to another.
The practice included in the lesson plan is properly order from the easiest to the most difficult task Some EFL teachers recommend ordering the activities from controlled, semi controlled and free practice. Each of these practices are divided in: listening controlled practice, speaking controlled practice, reading controlled practice, and writing controlled practice; listening semi controlled practice, speaking semi controlled practice, reading semi-controlled practice, and writing semi-controlled controlled practice; Finally, we have free listening practice, free speaking practice, free reading practice, and free writing practice.

1.2 Strategies and rules of making lesson plan.

Learning outcomes: These are the objectives of the lesson. Map out what the students will learn in the lesson.
Teaching practice: The classroom instruction and activities that will guide student learning. Think about how to introduce of the lesson, the sequence of activities to scaffold learning, and how the conclusion will tie the lesson together. Resources: Any equipment you will need to use during class to support student learning. Also, think about how you will set up space.
Assessment: How will you measure student achievement of learning outcomes? How do you facilitate student feedback and reflection? Why do we plan lessons? As professionals, teachers are charged with educating students to achieve the highest possible learning outcomes. Effective lesson planning is an important facet of professional teaching practice because planning provides the students with the necessary structure and direction to receive a relevant and engaging education.⁷Allow us to meet the diverse learning needs of our students through differentiation and increased choice. Integrates use modern technologies and better resources that are integral to students’ everyday lives, increase the interactivity of lessons, and create a richer learning environment. Allows you to map goals and assess achievement of outcomes. Keeps lessons relevant to increase engagement and understanding and promotes greater independence and mastery of a topic. Enables us to critically reflect on and improve our teaching practice.⁸
The Importance of Lesson Planning
1. What are you trying to understand? (which theme)
2. Understand your learners (explain briefly the theme)
3. Better classroom management
4. Explain content
5. Explain pedagogy
6. Reflect on and improve
Now I will explain this 6 importance of the lesson plan. Try the backwards design method of lesson planning to give you a better view over a unit of work. By starting your planning with lesson objectives and then ranking these in terms of importance, you will be better able to manage your class time and achieve more objectives. developing an introduction: This can involve asking questions to gauge background knowledge, addressing commonly held ideas and misconceptions and starting with an activity that will spark interest. Planning learning activities: Think about how to present information in a variety of ways to appeal to your students. Also, consider the timing of activities, transitions and how you can check for understanding. Assessment of learning: Preparing questions that will guide students towards achieving the lesson objectives is important.⁹
You may also pre-empt questions they might have and have responses ready. Finally, how does your activity allow the students to demonstrate what they have learnt? Concluding the lesson, it is important to bring focus back to the main objectives of the lesson. Summarize key points and then provide a brief overview of future learning to increase relevance and create context. Teaching timeline: When you have decided upon the length of a unit, consider how much time each of part of the sequence will require. You may need to re-evaluate how many objectives you can meet based on your student needs. Lesson objectives allow you to be more flexible in the classroom. Following this strategy can simplify the planning process and give your students the security of a dependable structure. This can help to reduce student anxiety because they can see the point of each lesson.¹⁰
2. Understand your learners
A recent report on Australian student engagement stated the importance of teaching lessons that are meaningful and relevant to your students. This mirrors consistent student reports about the teachers that successfully facilitate teaching and learning in the classroom. Your lower ability Year 8 science class will probably have difficulty maintaining their attention for a weeklong experiment on water purity, so don’t plan for that. ¹¹Lesson planning makes you consider your students and how they learning. Advice for planning to meet the needs of your students includes:
Accommodating the different learning styles of your students;
Accommodating the different learning styles of your students;
Identifying and breaking down areas in the content that they will have difficulty with;
Providing enough foundation and direction to encourage their own understanding of topic;
Facilitating independent learning through group work and student driven class discussions;
Motivating an active role in their education to increase student agency, voice and accountability;
Employing a variety of assessment items throughout the learning process to assess overall growth;
Being open to student feedback on the learning process.
Providing students with the tools that they need to succeed and facilitating their learning process drives an engaging, action driven learning environment.
3. Better classroom management. When you have planned your lessons, you will be more confident in your classroom. You know that students will respond to the cues that you’re sending out. If you seem unsure about what is meant to be happening, your students will likely lose motivation and even act out. There are proactive steps that you can take when lesson planning assists classroom management by: Providing clear structure and direction in a lesson
Making expectations explicit
Outlining achievable learning goals
Setting timeframes for activities and transitions
Keeping students engaged and on-task
Allowing flexibility during class
Finally, planning in a manner that will enable you to assist and positively reinforce your students throughout the lesson to foster a productive learning environment.
4. Understand content
Effective lesson planning will make you think carefully about the content that you need to teach. Your knowledge of the content will be reflected in the way your students are able to grasp and respond to the information you present during class. Thinking about the content of your lessons will allow you to:
Address any gaps in your own knowledge before class.
Highlight difficult areas of the topic and presenting it that it improves comprehension
Develop activities that better match your students’ abilities
Provide better examples to illustrate underlying principles linked to background knowledge
Draw stronger connections between the content to past and future learning
Provide practical contexts and real-world examples to increase relevance
This is moving beyond the superficiality of teaching to a test. You are showing your students that it’s important to know this information and how it’s applicable in real life. Students will be in an environment that encourages and fosters their insight and because of your expert knowledge, you can pick up on this and build upon it.
5. Understand pedagogy
Knowing what to teach is only half the challenge. As you try out different ideas in the classroom and judge what is working for you and what needs tweaking, you are actively improving on your ability to teach. Understanding the pedagogy behind different teaching methods helps you to deliver better lessons. Research suggests five critical elements of effective pedagogy as follows: Joint Productive activity: Teachers working alongside students to solve problems. Developing Language and Literacy Skills Across the Curriculum: Facilitating students’ understanding and use of language and literacy skills in relation to content vocabulary.¹² Contextualisation Making Meaning: Relating new information to familiar concepts they have constructed during their lives and bringing the “real world” into classroom experiences. Cognitive Challenge: Building on students’ background knowledge and having high expectations of what they can achieve. Instructional Conversation: Paying attention to classroom dialogue to support better responses to questions, student communication abilities and inclusion. Copying notes from the whiteboard period after period is not going to garner the best responses from students who have grown up in a digital age with an incredible array of communication technologies. You have to think about how you can challenge students to use what they already know with what they are learning to deepen their knowledge and develop critical thinking skills.
6. Reflect on and improve
We know that teaching is a challenging career choice. It can also be an extremely rewarding career and when you pull off a successful lesson, it’s a great feeling. The key things to remember are:
Step away to breakdown elements of lessons that your students are really taking to (nice job!)
Understand that things will not always go according to plan—don’t beat yourself up too much
Try out a one-or-two ideas at a time so you’re not overwhelming you or your students
Talk things through with your mentor and colleagues to gain perspective
Be responsive to feedback because there’s often room for growth
Take breaks and mental health days when you need to recharge
Before you plan your lesson, you will first need to identify the learning objectives for the class meeting. Then, you can design appropriate learning activities and develop strategies to obtain feedback on student learning.¹³ A successful lesson plan addresses and integrates these three key components:
Objectives for student learning
Teaching/learning activities
Strategies to check student understanding. Specifying concrete objectives for student learning will help you determine the kinds of teaching and learning activities you will use in class, while those activities will define how you will check whether the learning objectives have been accomplished.¹⁴