The use of abstract nouns with the article
(Mavhum otlarning artikl va some/any bilan ishlatilishi )
1. Mavhum otlardan oldin (umuman mavhum ma’no anglatsa),odatda, artikl
ishlatilmaydi:Knowledge is power.( Bilim – kuch demakdir.) I like music. (Men
musiqani yaxshi ko‘raman.) She teaches history.( U tarix fanidan dars beradi).
2. Mavhum otning aniqlovchisi uni ma’lum shaxsga yoki predmetga taalluqliligini
ifodalasa, aniq artikl ishlatiladi: We study the history of our country. (Biz
mamlkatimizning tarixini o‘rganamiz.) I like the music of this play.(Bu
spektaklning musiqasi menga yoqadi. )
3. Mavhum otlarning sifati, his-hayajonning darajasi noaniq bo‘lsa, some/any
ishlatiladi: The news coused some excitement.( Bu yangilik bir oz hayajonga
sabab bo‘ldi.) He didn’t show any fear when he saw a lion.( U sherni ko‘rganda
hecham qo‘rqmadi.)
4. Mavhum otning sifati yoki his-hayajonning xili ko‘zda tutilsa, hatto noaniq
artikl ham ishlatiladi: He showed a patience (a kind of patience, such patience)
that I had never expected of him. (U shunday bir sabr-toqat ko‘rsatdiki, men buni
undan kutmagan edim.) You must learn patience. (Siz sabr-toqatli bo‘lishga
o‘rganishingiz kerak.)
5. Mavhum otlar konkretlashtirilganda ular artiklning umumiy qoidasiga
bo‘ysinadi: This is a striking thought.( Bu ta’sirchan fikr.) The thought of going
to his native town filled him with excitement. (Ona shahriga borish fikri uni
hayajonlantirdi.)
6. Permission, advice, information kabi otlar konkretlashganda ham noaniq artikl
ishlatilmaydi: He received permission to visit that plant. ( U zavodga kirishga
ruxsat oldi.) He readily gives advice to everybody. (U hammaga maslahat
berishga tayyor.)
The use of articles with countable and uncountable common nouns
(Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan turdosh otlardan oldin artiklning ishlatilishi)
1. My, our, your, his, her, their, this, that, those, these, some, any, much, many,
little, few kabilar bilan aniqlangan otlar artiklsiz ishlatiladi: My room is large.
(Mening xonam katta.) This book is good(. Bu kitob yaxshi.)I want some watches.
(Menga bir nechta soat kerak.)
2. To elect, to appoint (tayinlamoq), make (qilmoq) fe’llaridan keyin ot artiklsiz
ishlatiladi: He has been appointed monitor of the group. (U guruhning sardori
etib tayinlandi.) She makes good wife.( Undan yaxshi umr yo‘ldoshi chiqadi. )
3. Boshqa sinfga tegishli otlardan farqlagan holda ma’lum shaxs va predmetlar
haqida fikr yuritilsa, ko‘plikdagi otdan oldin artikl ishlatilmaydi: They packed the
goods in fags (not in boxes). (U molni (quttilarga emas) sumkalarga joyladi.)
4. Gapda qo‘shma otlashgan kesimning otlashgan qismi yoki izohlovchi
vazifasida kelib, shaxs va predmetlarning kimligi yoki nimaligini bildirib kelsa,
ko‘plikdagi otdan oldin artikl ishlatilmaydi: Both his sons are students of Bukhara
state University. (Uning har ikkala o‘g‘li Buxoro davlat universitetining
studentlari.) The test was carried out by Mr.Toshov and Mr.Sharipov, assistans
of our faculty.(Fakultetimiz assistentlari janob Toshov va janob Sharipovlar
tomonidan bu test amalga oshirildi.)
5. What so‘zidan keyin undov gaplarda va such, quite, rather dan keyin
ko‘plikdagi otlardan keyin artikl ishlatiladi: What fine buildings! These are such
interesting books! They are quite young girls! These are rather good cigarettes!
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |