The Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of The Republic of Uzbekistan Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Faculty of Foreign Languages course pape r topic

1.2. The section explores the history of words. Subject and tasks of lexicology
Lexicology (Greek lexis - "word", "speech turn" and logos - "teaching") is a branch of linguistics that studies the vocabulary of a language. Lexicology considers: 1) the word and its meaning; 2) system of word relations; 3) history of formation of the modern dictionary; 4) the functioning of words in different areas of speech; 5) the difference of the word from other linguistic units as a special linguistic unit; 6) the structure of the dictionary.
There are several sections in lexicology:
1. General lexicology deals with the identification of common patterns in the lexical system of different languages. The general theory of the word develops criteria for defining the word and its boundaries in relation to all languages.
General semantics reveals the general semantic laws of the evolution of semantic meanings and develops semantic universality.
2. Private lexicology studies the lexical structure of a language, reveals the patterns inherent in all languages, describes its specific features.
3. Historical, diachronic lexicology studies the process of formation and historical development of a dictionary. He connects the history of words with the history of what they define and concepts. It describes the dynamics of a dictionary or a historical section of a language. The history of a single word and the history of a conceptual set of words, the history of the development of the form and meaning of words can be the subject of research.
4. Descriptive, synchronous lexicology studies the vocabulary of a particular historical period, often modern language.
5. Comparative lexicology studies the content of a dictionary in order to determine the genetic relationship of languages, identifies similarities and differences in the form and meaning of words in different languages. The action can apply to any aspect of the dictionary. It is possible to compare individual words, word groups, for example, action verbs, kinship terms, synonymy, polysemy, antonymy. Comparative lexicology data is used in lexicography, translation, and ethnography.
6. Theoretical lexicology provides scientific linguistic coverage of dictionary concepts, units and categories, develops its classification. Particular attention is paid to the problem of systematic dictionary, the development of lexical research methodology.
7. Applied lexicology includes a dictionary description necessary for the practical mastery of the language in the teaching of foreigners.