The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy


↑  means the observed distribution is higher than expected. For example,  arrojar has a lower  Table 2



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Bog'liq
thesis

↑ 
means the observed distribution is higher than expected. For example, 
arrojar
has a lower 
Table 2
. Distribution of 
physical animate 
MOVANTS
versus other 
Physical 
animate 
Other 
arrojar 
23 
77 
echar 
37 
51 
lanzar 
41 
59 
tirar 
28 
60 


38 | 
number of physical animate 
MOVANTS
and more physical inanimate 
MOVANTS

Lanzar
has 
fewer in this last category (physical inanimate 
MOVANTS
), contrasting with 
arrojar. Lanzar 
instead has a higher number of nonphysical 
MOVANTS
.
Table 4
. Distribution of 
MOVANTS
with goodness-of-fit p-value 
Nonphysical 
Physical animate 
Physical inanimate 
GOF p-
value 
GOF p-
value 
GOF p-
value 
arrojar 
27 
0.703287 
23 
↓ 
0.017217 
50 
↑ 
0.00694 
echar 
27 
0.684723 
37 
0.12631 
24 
0.05947 
lanzar 
48 
↑ 
2.04E-05 
41 
0.158685 
11 
↓ 
7.47E-08 
tirar 

↓ 
5.59E-06 
28 
0.622657 
54 
↑ 
2.13E-06 
Notice in Table 4 that none of the counts for 
echar 
are significantly different from the 
expected. This does not mean that nothing can be said about this verb, or that the data provide 
no insight into its behavior. In fact, we can say from the data that the 
MOVANTS
are 
distributed roughly 1/3 for each variable. In other words, 1/3 of all 
MOVANTS
for 
echar 
are 
nonphysical, 1/3 physical animate and 1/3 physical inanimate. 
The three statistical tests (Chi-Square, Cramer’s V and Goodness-Of-Fit Test) are 
used to explore the results of the annotation of the data. All statistical tests were run on R and 
Microsoft Excel. All graphs and tables were made with Microsoft Excel. The tests are a 
starting point for the semantic analysis of each verb and their similarities. For example, if the 
tests find that 
arrojar
has a higher number of inanimate 
INITIATORS
, the following step I take 
is to detail the possible reasons that explain this behavior. Through this detailed look at the 
semantics, we can slowly build up a picture of the polysemy of each verb and the synonymic 
relations between them. The statistical results of the 400-sentence corpus are discussed in 
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