The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy


Collocational Preferences as Schemas



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thesis

Collocational Preferences as Schemas 
The results of the collostructional analysis and the questionnaire regarding the types 
of attracted 
DIRECTIONALS 
can be captured using schemas. The routinized combinations are 
part of a speaker’s knowledge of the language. Just as a speaker will know that 
al ataque 
‘to 
the attack’ should combine with 
lanzar
, a speaker will know that 
arrojar
is the preferred or 
most natural verb to use when using 
al mar
‘to the sea’ as a 
DIRECTIONAL
. Collocational 
preferences are also schemas. We can illustrate a few schemas that must be posited to account 
for the data in the collostructional analysis.
 
Figure 16
. Collocational schemas for 
tirar al suelo 
‘throw to the ground’ and 
arrojar al mar 
‘throw to the sea’
 
 
 
I
NITIATOR
tirar 
M
OVANT
al suelo
I
NITIATOR
arrojar 
M
OVANT
al mar 


121 | 
The first schema captures the high attraction between 
tirar
and 
al suelo
‘to the 
ground’ found in the collostructional analysis. The p-value in the collostructional analysis 
was 1.27E-43, indicating a high level of attraction. The speaker has this schema as part of her 
mental lexicon. When she decides she wants to express for example that she threw the toys to 
the ground, she will access the schema and produce 
Tiré los juguetes al suelo 
‘I threw the 
toys on the ground’. From the results of the questionnaire, it would seem that this schema is 
not available in the Honduran dialect, since there was no special attraction between 
tirar 
and 
al suelo 
‘to the ground’. 
The second schema shows the combination of 
arrojar 
and 
al mar
. Though the level of 
attraction between these was lower (p-value of 1.25E-06) than the previous example, the 
noun 
mar
was only attracted to 
arrojar
. This indicates that there is still a preference for using 
arrojar
al mar 
‘throw into the sea’ versus 
lanzar al mar 
‘throw into the sea’ for example.
The schemas in figure 17 illustrate cases where the 
DIRECTIONAL
was entirely 
specified. That is, the 
DIRECTIONAL
always appears with the same noun and the same 
preposition. There are instances in the collostructional analysis where there is an attraction to 
a noun, but the sentences from the corpus show that the noun occurs with a variety of 
prepositions. For example, 
tirar
strongly attracts the noun 
cama 
‘bed’: the p-value was 
1.62E-18. Yet, the sentences from the corpus use a variety of prepositions.
(182) …me 
TIRA

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