Executive Summary
1
Executive Summary
In the midst of public debate over immigration reform, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
voted to examine the possible effects of illegal immigration on particularly vulnerable
segments of the U.S. working population, specifically low-skill black workers.
1
Since the
April 4, 2008 briefing, the severe economic downturn has affected workers in general, and--if
unemployment rates are any indication--has had an even more severe impact on low-skill
workers.
2
To help air important aspects of the debate, the Commission invited experts who have
published and spoken on this issue to weigh the relative effects of factors that influence black
low-skill workers‘ wages, job gains or losses and report their conclusions to the Commission.
The speakers discussed factors that included the economic costs to this particular group,
3
fiscal costs to taxpayers of social services for low-skill workers, competing skill levels of
affected workers, the economic gains to the U.S. economy as a whole from flexible, low-cost
labor,
4
and what constitutes a fair comparison between legal and illegal workers and their job
opportunities.
5
The Commission selected balanced panels that included Harry Holzer, professor of public
policy at Georgetown University; Gordon H. Hanson, professor of economics at the
University of California, San Diego; Julie Hotchkiss, research economist and policy advisor
at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; Vernon Briggs, professor emeritus of labor
economics at Cornell University; Gerald Jaynes, professor of economics and African
American Studies at Yale University; Richard Nadler, president of Americas Majority
Foundation; Carol Swain, professor of political science and law at Vanderbilt University; and
Steven Camarota, director of research at the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington,
DC.
1
See
,
e.g
., Lori Montgomery, ―Immigration Lifts Wages, Report Says, White House Asserts Only Least-Skilled
Native Workers Are Hurt,‖ Washington Post, June 21, 2007, at D3.; Charles Herman, ―Illegals: Will They Be
Taking Jobs Away From U.S. Citizens?‖ ABC News Business Unit, May 18, 2007,
http://abcnews.go.com/Business/IndustryInfo/story?id=3189288&page=1;
―Illegal Aliens Depress Wages for
Some in US,‖ New York Times, March 20, 1988, at section 1, p. 25.
2
The Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that as of November 2008, unemployment rates for individuals over the
age of 25 with less than a high school diploma was 15.0%, 5 percent more than the national unemployment
average of 10 percent for the same time period.
3
See, e.g
., Vernon M. Briggs, Jr., ―The Economic Well-Being of Black Americans: The Overarching Influence
of U.S. Immigration Policies,‖ The Review of Black Political Economy, 15-42 (2003).
4
See, e.g
., Gordon H. Hanson, ―The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration,‖ Council on Foreign Relations,
CSR No. 26, April 2007,
http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/ImmigrationCSR26.pdf
.
(accessed August 31, 2009).
5
See, e.
g., George J. Borjas, Jeffrey Grogger, and Gordon H. Hanson, ―Imperfect Substitution Between
Immigrants and Natives: A Reappraisal,‖ March, 2008,
http://irps.ucsd.edu/assets/022/8778.pdf
(accessed
August 31, 2009);
but see
Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, ―The Effects of Immigration on U.S. Wages
and Rents: A General Equilibrium Approach,‖ September 26, 2007,
http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/gperi/Papers/Perott_city_Sept_2007.pdf
(accessed September 9, 2009).
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