14
Impact of Illegal Immigration on the Wages & Employment of Black Workers
Commissioner Yaki objected to the focus on race, and asked the panel whether race in this
particular debate was a proxy for lack of educational and job training opportunities. Dr.
Hanson agreed that education was very much an issue, but stated that talking about the wage
impact of immigration was not a statement about race, but necessary to an analysis of
distributional impacts. He added that negative effects of immigration on wages of low-skilled
workers were consistent with immigration raising overall gross national product, although
those gains could be undone by importing low-skilled workers who use more in benefits and
government services than they pay in taxes.
38
Commissioner Yaki asked for views on whether our society has failed to provide blacks in
inner cities with adequate education and job training and whether discrimination has had an
effect as well. Dr. Holzer responded that extreme residential isolation affects where people
live and go to school, and thereby the skills they bring to the labor market. He added that
men of all racial groups with low skills have been negatively affected by illegal immigration,
although behaviors such as unwed parenthood and child support obligations have hindered
employment viability among low-skilled workers.
39
Dr. Briggs addressed Commissioner Yaki‘s objection to discussing and collecting
information about illegal versus legal immigration because of its potential to foster an ―us‖
versus ―them‖ attitude. Briggs pointed out that the only way to measure the impact of
immigration was to collect and analyze data, and that every Western nation was a nation of
immigrants, making immigration policy a central issue. Dr. Briggs viewed the quality of data
in this case as problematic, but said that raising the immigration issue should not lead to
accusations of racism to stifle important policy debates.
40
He reiterated his objection to
illegal immigration because it undermines the integrity of U.S. immigration policy and
violates public policies directed at ensuring a minimum wage and occupational health and
safety standards by promoting unfair competition.
Vice Chair Thernstrom disagreed with the view that urban school systems are starved for
money, since the per-pupil spending in those districts is much higher than the average in the
rest of the country. Dr. Holzer responded that he did not make that claim, although there was
evidence that pre-kindergarten educational programs would benefit from more funds. He
claimed that better teachers were fundamental to improvement, but Vice Chair Thernstrom
pointed out that getting better teachers had been attempted and failed, and that no one knew
how to make it succeed.
41
38
Id. at 68–69. The Commission did not solicit testimony on the costs of social services or benefits to
communities with large influxes of illegal immigrants, or the effect, positive or negative, of illegal immigration
on urban social pathologies such as crime, disease, and overcrowding in high-immigration areas.
See, for
example,
chapter three (―Immigrant Demands on Public Benefits‖) of
Why Does Immigration Divide America?
Public Finance and Political Opposition to Open Borders
, by Dr. Gordon Hanson (Washington, DC: Institute
for International Economics 2005).
39
Id. at 72–73.
40
Id. at 73–75.
41
Id. at 80.
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