The history and culture of classical Greece has a significant impact on the modern world. Classical Greece



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Greece

Sparta Builds a Military State

Sparta Builds a Military State

      • Sparta, isolated from much of Greece, builds military state
      • Sparta Dominates Messenians

      • Around 725 BC, Sparta conquers Messenia
      • Messenians become helots—peasants forced to farm the land
      • Harsh rule leads to Messenian revolt; Spartans build stronger state
      • Sparta’s Government and Society

      • Sparta government has several branches; citizens elect officials
      • Different social groups: citizens, free noncitizens, helots—slaves

Continued…

Lesson 2

Sparta Builds a Military State

Spartan Daily Life

      • Spartan values: duty, strength, individuality, discipline over freedom
      • Sparta has the most powerful army in Greece
      • Males move into barracks at age 7, train until 30, serve until 60
      • Girls receive some military training and live hardy lives
      • Girls also taught to value service to Sparta above all else

Lesson 2

The Persian Wars

A New Kind of Army Emerges

      • Cheaper iron replaces bronze, making arms and armor cheaper
      • Leads to new kind of army; includes soldiers from all classes
      • Phalanx—feared by all, formation of soldiers with spears, shields
      • Battle at Marathon

      • Persian Wars—between Greece and Persian Empire—begin in Ionia
      • Persian army attacks Athens, is defeated at Marathon in 490 BC
      • Pheidippides Brings News

      • Runner Pheidippides races to Athens to announce Greek victory

Continued…

Lesson 2

The Persian Wars

Thermopylae and Salamis

      • In 480 BC, Persians launch new invasion of Greece
      • Greeks are divided; many stay neutral or side with Persians
      • Greek forces hold Thermopylae for three days before retreating
      • Athenians defeat Persians at sea, near island of Salamis
      • Victories at Salamis and Plataea force Persian retreat
      • Many city-states form Delian League and continue to fight Persians

Continued…

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