occasional exorcism, but this man’s ministry of deliverance is on an
altogether different scale. A similarly climactic effect, but in an ominously
different direction, is achieved by the Pharisees’ accusation. They do not
deny Jesus’ power, but question its source. Such a total and offensive
repudiation of his authority brings the growing hostility to a new level, and
suggests a breach which is now irreparable. Jesus’ response to the same
accusation in 12:25–32 will make this clear. see on 12:24 for the “ruler of the
demons.”
F. The Messiah’s Authority Shared with His Disciples: The Discourse on
Mission (9:35–11:1)
The second discourse, like the first (chs. 5–7), is marked off by a narrative
setting and a formal conclusion.¹ The setting is the sending out of the disciples,
who were the primary audience also of the first discourse, on a mission to bring
the message of Jesus to a wider area of Galilee. From being the recipients of his
ministry they are to become its agents, sharing not only in the proclamation of
the kingdom of heaven but also in the works of mercy and power which the
preceding chapters have shown to characterize the authority of the Messiah
himself. With the formal recognition of the Twelve as Jesus’ immediate
entourage, his renewal movement takes its first steps towards becoming a
structured group within which the radical new values of the kingdom of heaven,
set out in chs. 5–7, can begin to be lived out.
But while mission is the primary setting and subject of this discourse, a
prominent subtext is the hostile response which that mission is to meet, so that
this becomes also a discourse on persecution. The preceding chapters have given
mounting evidence of hostility to Jesus himself (9:3, 11, 14, 34), and those who
share his message and authority can expect no less. There will be some who
welcome them (10:11–13, 40–42), but the dominant impression of this section of
the gospel is of a minority movement facing a predominantly hostile society, and
following chapters will increasingly underline this perspective.
This second discourse, like the first, appears to be the result of a complex
process of compilation from among the teaching of Jesus available in the
synoptic tradition. Not much of this discourse, unlike the first, is peculiar to
Matthew (only vv. 5–6, 8, 16b, 23 and 41), but the synoptic parallels are widely
scattered. The basis of the composition is the mission charge recorded in Mark
6:7–13 and in two forms in Luke 9:1–6 and 10:1–16, which between them
account for most of the material up to 10:16, but the rest of the discourse finds
its parallels in a section of the Marcan “apocalyptic discourse,” Mark 13:9–13,
and in a variety of unconnected passages in Luke.² Many of the parallels are far
from exact, so that it is sometimes difficult to say whether the same tradition lies
behind them or whether characteristic motifs of Jesus’ teaching are
independently represented. In all, we seem to have here a typically Matthean
anthology of Jesus’ teaching on the realities of being a disciple with a mission to
an indifferent or hostile world. Much of the compilation relates appropriately to
this initial mission of the disciples during Jesus’ lifetime (though v. 18 envisages
a wider sphere of mission than is set out in vv. 5–6 and 23), but its relevance to
Christian disciples in subsequent generations would have been as obvious to
Matthew’s first readers as it was presumably to the author himself.³
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