17 The “voice from heaven”² in this verse, together with its repetition in
17:5, offers to Matthew’s readers (and, to judge by the third person form in
which Matthew alone records it, also to the bystanders at the Jordan) the
most unmediated access to God’s own view of Jesus. Following Jesus’
acceptance of John’s baptism as the will of God for him, it declares both
God’s pleasure in that obedience and also, more fundamentally, his own
unique relationship with God.
The words of the declaration are usually understood to be derived from one or
more of Isa 42:1; Ps 2:7 and Gen 22:2.²⁷ Isa 42:1 introduces a new figure in the
prophecy with the words “Here is my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen one,
in whom my soul takes pleasure,” and goes on to say that God has put his Spirit
upon him, which links closely with what we have seen in v. 16. The wording of
v. 17 does not echo the LXX version of Isa 42:1, but when Matthew later gives a
full quotation of that passage (12:18) he will use a Greek version which is closer
to this verse;²⁸ the final clause “with whom I am delighted” closely reflects the
Hebrew rāṣtâ napšî of Isa 42:1. But Isa 42:1 does not provide the key term
“son.”² This is usually explained as an echo of Ps. 2:7 in which God addresses
his anointed king, “You are my son; today I have begotten you,” but while the
second person version in Mark and Luke readily suggests such an echo, in
Matthew’s version it is only the words “my son” which are in common.³ In Gen
22:2, however, we have “your son, your only son, whom you love,” and the
LXX version uses agapētos for the “only” son, thus offering a suggestive source
for the wording of most of the divine declaration here. A combined allusion to
Isa 42:1 and Gen 22:2 might thus account quite adequately for the OT
background to the wording in its Matthean form.
But these words of God are not presented as an OT quotation, and it is
questionable how far we are justified in seeking specific textual sources for
every word. The link with the descent of the Spirit certainly makes an echo of
Isa 42:1 strongly plausible, so that Matthew’s readers would learn to see Jesus in
the role of the “servant of Yahweh” who would die for the sins of the people (see
above on v. 15). Matthew will return to Isa 42:1–4 when he quotes it in full in
12:17–21 to show how Jesus puts into practice the non-violent style of the
servant’s work. It is also possible, though less likely, that some readers who
knew the Genesis story well might have noticed the echo of the phrase “beloved
son, whom you love” and reflected that God was now going to give up his own
son to death just as he had once asked Abraham to do.³¹ But neither of those
allusions is the main point of v. 17. God is not quoting the OT, nor setting a
puzzle for scripturally erudite hearers to unravel. He is declaring in richly
allusive words that this man who has just been baptized by John is his own Son
in whom he delights. From this point on Matthew’s readers have no excuse for
failing to understand the significance of Jesus’ ministry, however long it may
take the actors in the story to reach the same christological conclusion (14:33;
16:16; 26:63–64). It will be this crucial revelation of who Jesus is which will
immediately form the basis of the initial testing which Jesus is called to undergo
in 4:1–11: “If you are the Son of God …” (4:3, 6). And there, as in the account
of the baptism, Jesus’ sonship will be revealed in his obedience to his Father’s
will.
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