1 The opening verse is concerned with the “origin” (genesis) of the Messiah,
and thus serves primarily to introduce the pedigree which follows in vv. 2–
17 (as will be indicated by the repetition of its key terms, Jesus, Messiah,
David, Abraham, in the concluding verse 17). The same word genesis will be
repeated in v. 18, where Matthew will explain (in vv. 18–25) how the family
line of Joseph, “son of David,” is relevant to Jesus who was not in fact
Joseph’s biological son, as Matthew will already have made plain at the end
of the genealogy itself in v. 16. There is therefore a sense in which v. 1
introduces not only 1:1–17 but also at least the immediately following
section concerning the “son of David” (vv. 18–25), and perhaps more fully
the whole account of Jesus’ family background which will make up 1:18–
2:23. Some commentators go further and see it as the heading for the whole
introductory section (1:1–4:11)²⁴ or even for the whole gospel, but this is to
put too much weight on the term “book” rather than on the combined
phrase “book of origin” which in LXX Gen 5:1 introduces the list of Adam’s
descendants. It is true that in LXX Gen 2:4 the same phrase sums up²⁵ not a
list of names but the account of the origins of the earth, but there too it
denotes only the immediately contiguous paragraphs, not the whole book
which is to follow.²
The name Jesus will be explained theologically in v. 21. As the Greek form of
the OT name Joshua it was among the commonest Jewish names in the first
century,²⁷ so that a distinguishing title such as “of Nazareth” was needed. Here,
however, Matthew uses a title which describes not the human background of this
Jesus, but his theological status, “Messiah.”²⁸ While some NT usage suggests the
beginning of the tendency for “Christ” to become a sort of “surname” for Jesus
of Nazareth, as it is in most modern usage, for Matthew it was clearly much
more, as its repetition in verses 16, 17, 18; 2:4 makes clear, and as is indicated
here immediately by the addition of “son of David, son of Abraham.” The
colorless translation “Jesus Christ” here and in v. 18 in many English versions
does not do justice to the excitement in Matthew’s introduction of Jesus under
the powerfully evocative title “Messiah,” the long-awaited deliverer of God’s
people, in whom their history has now come to its climax. In v. 16 he will draw
attention to the titular force of Christos by using the phrase “Jesus who is called
the Messiah.”
David will play a central role in the genealogy (see vv. 6, 17, and comments
above on the fourteen generations), and “Son of David” will recur several times
in the gospel as a title indicating Jesus’ messianic role (9:27; 12:23; 15:22;
20:30–31; 21:9, 15; 22:41–45). While the earliest use of the actual phrase in this
sense in surviving literature is in Pss. Sol. 17:21, there is no reason to doubt its
popular use by the time of Jesus in the way Matthew indicates, reflecting the
abundant OT testimony to a Davidic hope based on the promise of 2 Sam 7:12–
16. “Son of Abraham” locates David and his successor within the fuller history
of the chosen people, but it is possible that in including this title Matthew also
has in mind that Abraham was not merely the ancestor of Israel, but also the
ancestor of “a multitude of nations,” Gen 17:4–5, and the one through whom “all
the families of the earth” were to be blessed, Gen 12:3 (see comments on vv. 2–
6).²
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