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2. The essence of aesthetic perception of world. Dunyoni estetik idrok etish bizning atrofimizdagi dunyoning go'zalligi, uyg'unligi va hissiy rezonansi haqidagi sub'ektiv tajribamizni anglatadi. Bu bizning his-tuyg'ularimiz va his-tuyg'ularimiz bilan chambarchas bog'liq va shaxsiy imtiyozlar, madaniy kelib chiqish va tarixiy kontekst kabi omillar ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Faylasuflar estetik kechinmalarning tabiati va ahamiyati haqida uzoq vaqtdan beri bahslashdilar va ularning kelib chiqishi va ahamiyatini tushuntirish uchun turli nazariyalarni taklif qildilar. Ba'zilar estetik tajribalar bizning hissiy va ma'naviy farovonligimizning muhim qismidir, deb ta'kidlaydilar, boshqalari esa ularni inson tajribasining yuzaki va sub'ektiv tomoni sifatida ko'rishadi. Umuman olganda, dunyoni estetik idrok etish ko'pchilik uchun muhim zavq va ilhom manbai, falsafa, san'at va madaniyatda doimiy qiziqish va muhokama mavzusi sifatida qaraladi.( The aesthetic perception of the world refers to our subjective experience of the beauty, harmony, and emotional resonance of the world around us. It is closely related to our senses and emotions, and can be influenced by factors such as personal preference, cultural background, and historical context. Philosophers have long debated the nature and significance of aesthetic experiences, and have proposed various theories to explain their origin and value. Some argue that aesthetic experiences are an essential part of our emotional and spiritual wellbeing, while others view them as merely a superficial and subjective aspect of human experience. In general, however, the aesthetic perception of the world is seen as an important source of pleasure and inspiration for many people, and a topic of ongoing interest and discussion in philosophy, art, and culture.)
3. Democratic reforms and state administration in Uzbekistan. O'zbekiston fuqarolik huquqlari cheklangan avtoritar davlatdir, ammo hukumat so'nggi yillarda katta demokratiya va siyosiy erkinlik sari qadam tashlagan. Mamlakatda hokimiyatning ijro etuvchi, qonun chiqaruvchi va sud tarmoqlari o'rtasida vakolatlar ajratilgan prezidentlik tizimi mavjud. Siyosiy partiyalar faoliyatiga ruxsat berilgan, lekin hukmron partiya siyosiy manzarada hukmronlik qiladi va mazmunli muxolifat cheklangan. Hukumat saylov kodeksini isloh qilish bo‘yicha ba’zi choralar ko‘rdi, biroq saylovlarning adolatli va oshkora o‘tishidan xavotirlar saqlanib qolmoqda. O‘zbekistonda nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlari bor, lekin ular ko‘pincha o‘z faoliyatida jiddiy cheklovlarga duch keladi. Hukumat tomonidan oʻzini oʻzi boshqarish organlari ham tashkil etilgan, biroq ularning jamiyatni demokratlashtirishdagi roli cheklangan. Demokratik islohotlarni yanada chuqurlashtirish va fuqarolik jamiyatini rivojlantirish konsepsiyasi hukumat tomonidan belgilangan maqsad bo‘lsa-da, bu boradagi taraqqiyot sust kechmoqda. Inson huquqlari poymol etilishi O‘zbekistonda jiddiy tashvish bo‘lib qolmoqda va mamlakat siyosiy mahbuslar, jurnalistlar va ozchiliklarga munosabati uchun xalqaro tashkilotlar tomonidan tanqid qilinmoqda.( Uzbekistan is an authoritarian state with limited civil rights, though the government has taken some steps to move towards greater democracy and political freedom in recent years. The country has a presidential system with separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Political parties are allowed to operate, but the ruling party dominates the political landscape and there is limited meaningful opposition. The government has taken some steps to reform the electoral code, but there are still concerns about the fairness and transparency of elections. Non-governmental non-commercial organizations do exist in Uzbekistan, but they often face significant restrictions on their activities. The government has also established self-governing bodies, but their role in democratization of society is limited. The concept of further deepening of democratic reforms and development of civil society is a stated goal of the government, but progress in this area has been slow. Human rights abuses remain a significant concern in Uzbekistan, and the country has been criticized by international organizations for its treatment of political prisoners, journalists, and minorities.)
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