The essence and content of the term philosophy

Logical forms and laws of thinking (laws of logic). Mantiq qonunlari yoki tafakkur qonunlari ratsional nutqning o'zi asoslanadigan asosiy aksiomatik qoidalardir. Ular an'anaviy ravishda qarama-qarshilik qonuni, chiqarib tashlangan o'rta yoki uchinchi qonun va etarli sabab qonunidan iborat. Qarama-qarshilik qonuni taklif va uning inkori bir vaqtning o'zida va bir ma'noda to'g'ri bo'lishi mumkin emasligini aytadi. Cheklangan o'rta yoki uchinchi qonuni taklifning to'g'ri yoki uning inkori to'g'ri ekanligini bildiradi va uchinchi o'rta qiymat yo'q. Etarli sabab qonuni mavjud yoki sodir bo'ladigan har bir narsaning sababi yoki sababi bo'lishi kerakligini aytadi. Bu qonuniyatlar mantiqiy fikrlashning asosiy tamoyillari bo‘lib, ratsional nutqning asosini tashkil qiladi. Ular to'g'ri fikr yuritish va to'g'ri xulosalar chiqarishga yordam beradigan fikrlash shakllaridir.( The laws of logic, or the laws of thought, are fundamental axiomatic rules upon which rational discourse itself is based. They traditionally consist of the law of contradiction, the law of excluded middle or third, and the law of sufficient reason. The law of contradiction states that a proposition and its negation cannot both be true at the same time and in the same sense. The law of excluded middle or third states that a proposition is either true or its negation is true, and there is no third middle value. The law of sufficient reason states that everything that exists or happens must have a reason or cause. These laws are the basic principles of logical thinking and form the foundation of rational discourse. They are forms of thought that help us to reason correctly and arrive at sound conclusions.)

Reforms implemented in the socio-economic and political life of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasi — Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi tarkibidagi avtonom respublika. 1991-yilda mustaqillikka erishganimizdan buyon viloyatda qishloq xo‘jaligida ham jiddiy o‘zgarishlar, ma’naviy-madaniy sohada ham yangilanishlar yuz berdi. Qoraqalpog‘iston oliy ta’lim tizimida ham islohotlar amalga oshirildi.Qoraqalpog‘istondagi ekologik vaziyat nuqtai nazaridan mintaqa atrof-muhitning degradatsiyasi va cho‘llanishiga olib kelgan Orol dengizi inqirozidan kelib chiqqan jiddiy muammolarga duch keldi.Orol dengizi inqirozi bilan bog'liq fojialardan biri Orol dengizidagi Vozrojdeniya orolining yo'q bo'lib ketishidir. Bu orol Sovet Ittifoqi tomonidan bioqurollarni sinovdan o'tkazish uchun ishlatilgan va orol tark etilganda ko'plab xavfli patogenlar ortda qolgan. Orol yemirilishda davom etar ekan, 7patogenlar atrof-muhitga tarqalishi mumkinligidan xavotirlar mavjud.O‘zbekiston hukumati Qoraqalpog‘istondagi ekologik vaziyatni yaxshilash choralarini ko‘rdi, jumladan, Orol dengizi inqirozini hal qilish bo‘yicha milliy dasturni amalga oshirdi. Ushbu dastur suv resurslarini boshqarishni takomillashtirish, barqaror qishloq xo'jaligini rivojlantirish va Orol dengizi inqirozining aholi salomatligiga ta'sirini yumshatish bo'yicha chora-tadbirlarni o'z ichiga oladi.Umuman olganda, Qoraqalpog‘iston jiddiy muammolarga duch kelayotgan bo‘lsa-da, O‘zbekiston hukumati ushbu muammolarni hal qilish va mintaqadagi ekologik vaziyatni yaxshilash choralarini ko‘rmoqda.( The Republic of Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic within the Republic of Uzbekistan. Since gaining independence in 1991, the region has seen significant changes in the field of agriculture, as well as updates in the spiritual and cultural sphere. The higher education system in Karakalpakstan has also undergone reforms.In terms of the ecological situation in Karakalpakstan, the region has faced significant challenges stemming from the Aral Sea crisis, which has led to environmental degradation and desertification.One tragedy that has occurred in relation to the Aral Sea crisis is the disappearance of the Aral Sea island of Vozrozhdeniya. This island was used by the Soviet Union for bioweapons testing, and many dangerous pathogens were left behind when the island was abandoned. There are concerns that the pathogens could be released into the surrounding environment as the island continues to erode.The government of Uzbekistan has taken measures to improve the ecological situation in Karakalpakstan, including implementing a national program to address the Aral Sea crisis. This program includes measures to improve the management of water resources, promote sustainable agriculture, and mitigate the impact of the Aral Sea crisis on public health.Overall, while Karakalpakstan continues to face significant challenges, the government of Uzbekistan is taking steps to address these challenges and improve the ecological situation in the region.)