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Television
Television, also called TV, is one of our most important means of communication. It brings moving pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes. The name "Television" comes from Greek word meaning "far", and a Latin word meaning "to see", so the word "television" means "to see far". About three-fourths of the 1 500 TV stations in the US are commercial stations. They sell advertising time to pay for their operating costs and to make profit. The rest are public stations, which are nonprofit organizations. Commercial TV stations broadcast mostly entertainment programs because they must attract larger numbers of viewers in order to sell advertising time at high prices. These programs include light dramas called situation comedies; action-packed dramas about life of detectives, police officers, lawyers and doctors; shows featuring comedians, dancers and singers; movies; quiz shows; soap operas; cartoons. Commercial TV broadcasts also documentaries and talk shows. Documentary is dramatic, but nonfictional presentation of information. It can be programs about people, animals in faraway places or programs on such issues as alcoholism, drug abuse, racial prejudice. On talk shows a host interviews politicians, TV and movie stars, athlets, authors. There are also sport programs and brief summaries of local, national and international news. Advertising is an important part of commercial TV. Commercials appear between and during most programs. They urge viewers to buy different kinds of products — from dog food to hair spray, and from cars to insurance policies. Public television focuses mainly on education and culture. There are programs on wide range of subjects — from physic and literature to cooking and yoga. Public TV also broadcasts plays, ballets, symphonies as well as programs about art and history. Public TV attracts less viewer than commercial TV.
12 Televizor Television
Televizor, shuningdek, televideniya deb ataladi, muloqotning eng muhim vositalaridan biridir. Dunyoning turli burchaklaridagi millionlab uylarga harakatlanuvchi suratlar va tovushlarni olib keladi. "Televizor" nomi "uzoq" ma'nosini beruvchi yunoncha so'zdan va "ko'rish" ma'nosidagi lotincha so'zdan kelib chiqadi, shuning uchun "televizor" so'zi "uzoqni ko'rish" degan ma'noni anglatadi. AQShdagi 1 500 ta televizion stansiyaning to'rtdan uch qismi tijorat stantsiyalari hisoblanadi. Ular reklama xarajatlarini to'lash va foyda olish uchun reklama vaqtini sotadilar. Qolganlari - notijorat tashkilotlari bo'lgan jamoat stansiyalari. Tijorat teleradiokanallar ko'pincha ko'ngilochar dasturlarni efirga berib turishdi, chunki reklama narxini yuqori narxlarda sotish uchun ko'proq tomoshabinlarni jalb qilishlari kerak. Ushbu dasturlar orasida vaziyat komediyalari deb nomlangan engil dramalar mavjud; Detektivlar, militsiya xodimlari, huquqshunoslar va shifokorlar hayoti haqidagi harakatlar bilan to'ldirilgan dramalar; komediyachilar, raqqoslar va qo'shiqchilarni ko'rsatish; filmlar; viktorinalar; Seriallar; karikaturalarning. Tijorat teledasturlari shuningdek, hujjatli filmlar va tok-shoularni namoyish etadi. Hujjatli film dramatik, ammo ma'lumotlarning noto'g'ri talqin qilinishi. Bu odamlar, uzoq joylarda bo'lgan hayvonlar yoki alkogolizm, giyohvandlik, irqiy noto'g'ri tushunchalar haqidagi dasturlar bo'lishi mumkin. "On talk" suhbatdoshi siyosatchilar, televidenie va kino yulduzlari, sportchilar, mualliflar bilan suhbatlashadi. Bundan tashqari, mahalliy, milliy va xalqaro yangiliklar uchun sport dasturlari va qisqacha xulosalari mavjud. Reklama tijorat televideniesining muhim qismidir. Ko'p dasturda va reklama paytida reklama ko'rsatiladi. Ular tomoshabinlarni turli turdagi mahsulotlarni - itdan oziq-ovqatdan soch spreyi va avtomobildan sug'urta polislariga xarid qilishni talab qiladilar. Jamoatchilik televideniesi asosan ta'lim va madaniyatga qaratilgan. Fizika va adabiyotdan pazandalik va yoga bo'yicha fanlarning keng doirasi bo'yicha dasturlar mavjud. Jamoatchilik televideniesi shuningdek, badiiy, balet, simfoniyalar, shuningdek, san'at va tarix haqidagi dasturlarni namoyish etadi. Jamoatchilik televideniyasi tijorat televideniesiga qaraganda kamroq tomoshabinni jalb qilmoqda
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