The English Language

Newspapers

Newspaper is a publication that presents and comments on the news. Newspapers play an important role in shaping public opinion and informing people of current events. The first newspapers were probably handwritten news-sheets posted in public places. The earliest daily newssheet was "ActaDiurna" ("Daily Events") which started in Rome in 59 B.C. The first printed newspaper was Chinese publication called "Dibao" ("Ti - pao") started in A.D.TOO's. It was printed from carved wooden blocks. The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was "Avisa Relation" or "Zeitung", started in Germany in ] 609. Newspapers have certain advantages over other mass media — magazines, TV and radio. Newspaper can cover more news and in much detail than TV or radio newcast can do. Magazines focus on major national and international events of the preceeding week. But newspaper focuses on local news as well and provides information and comments faster than magazine can do. There are about 1 700 daily and 7 500 weekly newspapers in the US. The circulation of some weeklies is no more than a few hundred of copies per issue and the circulation of some dailies is over a million of copies. There are daily newspapers and weekly newspapers. Daily newspapers print world, national and local news. Many dailies are morning papers, others are afternoon papers. Sunday issues of the dailies are usually larger than the weekday ones. They may include special sections on such topics as entertainment, finance and travel or Sunday magazine, a guide to TV programmes, colored comics. The major dailies in the US are "Christian Science Monitor", "New York Times", "USA Today", "Wall Street Journal", "Washington Post". Weekly newspapers serve usually for smaller areas. They are printed in small communities where people know each other and are interested in activities of their friends and neighbours. Weeklies report of weddings, births, deaths and news of local business and politics. Most weeklies do not print world or national news. 10 Newspapers Gazeta
Gazeta, bu yangiliklarni taqdim etadigan va sharhlaydigan nashrdir. Gazetalar jamoatchilik fikrini shakllantirish va odamlarni xabardor qilishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Birinchi gazetalar, ehtimol, jamoat joylarida chop etilgan yangiliklar yozuvlari bo'lgan. Eng erta kundalik yangiliklar nashri, Rimdagi 59-B.K.da boshlangan "Acta Diurna" ("Daily Events") edi. Dastlabki bosma nashr A.D.TOO'ning "Dibao" ("Ti-pao") deb nomlangan Xitoy nashridir. U o'ymakor taxta bloklardan bosilgan. Evropada ilk muntazam nashr etiladigan gazeta "Avisa Relation" yoki "Zeitung" 609 yilda Germaniyada boshlangan edi. Gazetalar boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalari - jurnallar, televidenie va radiolardan ma'lum afzalliklarga ega. Gazeta televidenie yoki radioeshittirishga qaraganda ko'proq yangiliklarni va batafsil ma'lumotni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. Jurnallar avvalgi haftaning asosiy milliy va xalqaro tadbirlariga qaratilgan. Biroq gazeta mahalliy xabarlarga ham e'tibor qaratadi va jurnali qila oladigan ma'lumotlardan tezroq ma'lumot va sharh beradi. AQShda kuniga qariyb 1,700 ta, har kuni 7 500 ta gazeta mavjud. Bir necha haftalik nashrlarning muomalasi muammoni bir necha yuz nusxadan ko'p emas va bir nechta gazetalarning muomalasi million nusxadan ortiq. Kundalik gazeta va haftalik gazetalar mavjud. Kundalik gazetalarda jahon, milliy va mahalliy yangiliklar chop etiladi. Ko'p gazetalar ertalab gazetalar, boshqalari esa peshindan-day qog'ozlardir. Dushanba yakshanba kungi nashrlar odatda hafta ichi kunlardan ko'ra katta. Ular, ko'ngilochar, moliya va sayohat yoki yakshanba jurnali, televidenie dasturlari uchun ko'rsatma, rangli chiziq kabi mavzular bo'yicha maxsus bo'limlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. AQShdagi eng yirik gazetalar "Christian Science Monitor", "New York Times", "USA Today", "Wall Street Journal", "Washington Post". Haftalik gazetalar odatda kichikroq joylarga xizmat qiladi. Ular bir-birlarini biladigan va do'stlari va qo'shnilarining faoliyatiga qiziqadigan kichik jamoalarda chop etiladi. To'ylar, tug'ilgan kunlar, o'limlar va mahalliy biznes va siyosat yangiliklari. Aksariyat haftaliklar jahon yoki milliy yangiliklarni chop etmaydilar.

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