The English Language

Newspaper Reporting Gazeta hisoboti
Gazeta nashriyoti g'ayrioddiy faoliyat bo'lib, har kuni gazeta materiallari yangidan tayyorlanadi. Gazeta tarkibida tahririyat kengashi quyidagi funktsiyalarni bajaradi: to'g'ri xabarni olish, uni maqola shaklida yozish, chop etish uchun eng yaxshi narsalarni tanlash va tanlangan nusxani qog'ozga solish. Ushbu vazifalarning barchasi jurnalistlar, tahririyatlar tomonidan amalga oshiriladi va qog'ozga mas'ul bo'lgan kishilar, fotosuratchilar va maket-repertuarlarni qayta yozishadi. Shunday qilib, gazetadagi xabarlar qog'oz uchun ma'lumot to'plash bilan boshlanadi. Biroq, jurnalistika bu erda to'xtamaydi. Gazeta va jurnallar nafaqat yangiliklar yoki siyosiy hikoyalar, balki, hazil yoki boshqa turdagi hikoyalar haqida ko'p narsalarni e'lon qiladi. Bunday insho maqolalari inson manfaatlari hikoyalari deb atash mumkin. Bundan tashqari, gazetalarda sportga, bugungi kunda shaxslarga, fan, san'at va texnologiyaga oid hikoyalar ko'p. Bundan tashqari, astronavtlarning reyslari va umuman olganda kosmik tadqiqotlar xususidagi xabarlar ham mashhur. Inson manfaatlari hikoyalari tez-tez suhbat tarzida yozilgan yoki ayrim jurnalistlarning aytishicha, "profil" berilgan. Turli gazetalardagi adabiyotlar o'quvchiga ta'sir qiladigan sir emas, bu jurnalistning o'zi biladigan darajaga yoki mavzuning turiga qarab. Odatda jurnalistikada o'z faoliyatini boshlagan ayrim muxbirlar bu savolni so'rashadi: intervyu qanday o'tkaziladi? Buning uchun har qanday qoidalar yo'q, chunki har bir suhbatdosh boshqa. Ko'p hollarda jurnalistning savoliga suhbatdoshni suhbatni boshlashga qanday erishish mumkin. Shuning uchun ochilish savollari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Ma'ruzachi faqatgina "ha" yoki "javob" so'rashini so'ramasligi kerak. Yana bir muammo - gapirishni davom ettirishdir. Ba'zi intervyular ko'p nusxalar oladi, boshqalari xotirasiga ishonadilar va faqat aniq nomlar, joylar, raqamlar va shunga o'xshash narsalar haqida eslatma olishadi. Yuqorida aytib o'tilgan profil turidagi hikoyalar odamlarning hayotining qiziqarli jihatlari haqida ko'p narsalarni o'rganadigan "shaxslar uchun eskizlar" deb nomlanishi mumkin. Gazetalarda yoritilgan boshqa kunlik mavzular jinoyat, tibbiyot va huquq bo'yicha hikoyalardir. O'yin-kulgi, jinoyatchilik va g'iybatga qaratilgan matbuot organlari adolatli "tijorat" deb ataladi. Ushbu hujjatlar asosan foyda uchun chiqarilgan. Odatda ular juda katta o'qiydilar.

14. 
    Olympic Games
    

The world's greatest international sports games are known as the Olympic Games. The Olympic idea means friendship, fraternity and cooperation among the people of the world. The Olympic Movement proves that real peace can be achieved through sport. The Olympic emblem is five interlinked rings: blue, yellow, black, green and red. Any national flag contains at least one of these colours. The original Olympic Games began in ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These games were part of a festival held every fourth year in honor of God Zeus at the place called Olympia. It was a great athletic festival, including competitions in wrestling, foot racing and chariot racing, rowing and others. The games were for men only. Greek women were forbidden not only to participate but also to watch the Olympics. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896. Then they were resumed in London after the Second World War. Since then the Olympics are held every fourth year in different countries. The ancient Greeks had no winter sports. Only in 1924 the first Winter Olympic Games were held in France, Now they are being held regularly.