1.4 The inevitability of the transition of the biosphere in the noosphere
One of the most interesting questions from a philosophical point of view is the evolution of the biosphere.
IN AND. Vernadsky considered the volume and weight of the "living matter" of the biosphere unchanged throughout the geological history of the Earth. He assumed that in the process of biological evolution only the manifestations of life changed. He wrote a lot about big changes in the biosphere under the influence of human activity, about anthropogenic factors of geological processes. He considered this phenomenon new, superimposed on the stationary existence of the biosphere.
In later works, from the mid-30s, V.I. Vernadsky revised this point of view and came to the conclusion that the biosphere by the mass of “living matter”, its energy and degree of organization in the geological history of the Earth all the time evolved, changed, that the influence of human activity was a natural stage of this evolution and inevitably must change radically and move to a new state.
The appearance of man and the influence of his activity on the environment is not an accident, not a process “imposed” on the natural course of events, but a certain natural stage in the evolution of the biosphere. This stage should lead to the fact that under the influence of scientific thought and the collective labor of the united humanity, aimed at satisfying all its material and spiritual needs, the Earth’s biosphere should move into a new state, which he proposed to call “noosphere” (from the Greek word “noos” - mind) - the sphere of the human mind. The term "noosphere", as well as the term "biosphere", does not belong to V.I. Vernadsky. It originated in 1927 in the articles of the French mathematician Edward Leroy, written after the course of lectures given by V.I. Vernadsky on the problem of geochemistry and biogeochemistry.
IN AND. Vernadsky began to use the term "noosphere" strictly in a mathematical sense. “Noosphere” is not an abstract realm of the mind, but a historically inevitable stage of development of the biosphere. Back in 1926, in the article “Thoughts on the modern meaning of the history of knowledge,” he wrote: “The biosphere established during its entire geological time, established in its equilibria, begins to change more and more deeply under the influence of the scientific thought of mankind.”
This biosphere of the Earth, modified by scientific thought and transformed to meet all the needs of the numerically growing humanity, he later called the “noosphere”.
IN AND. Vernadsky tried to give an answer to the question of what are the real conditions or prerequisites for the formation of the noosphere that have already been created or are being created at the present time in the course of the historical development of mankind. According to V.I. Vernadsky, the basic prerequisites for the creation of the noosphere are as follows.
1. Humanity has become one. World history as a whole embraced the whole globe, completely finished with the solitary, little dependent from each other cultural historical areas of the past. Now "there is not a single piece of Earth where man could not live, if he needed it."
2. Transformation of communication and exchange. The noosphere is a single organized whole , all parts of which are harmoniously connected at various levels and act in concert with each other. A prerequisite for this is a fast, reliable, overcoming the greatest distances the connection between these parts, the ongoing material exchange between them, the comprehensive exchange of information.
3. Discovery of new sources of energy. The creation of the noosphere implies such a fundamental transformation by man of the nature surrounding him that he cannot do without colossal amounts of energy. “At the very end of the last century, a new form of energy was suddenly discovered, the existence of which was foreseen by few minds - atomic energy.” This was written back in the 30s and now we can already see how humanity has mastered atomic energy and how it expands every year its use for peaceful purposes
4. The rise of the welfare of workers. The noosphere is created by the mind and labor of the masses.
5. Equality of all people. Covering the entire planet as a whole, the noosphere in its essence cannot be the privilege of any one nation or race. It is the work of the hands and mind of all nations without exception.
6. Exclusion of wars from society. In our time, war, threatening the very existence of humanity, has risen as the biggest obstacle to the noosphere. From this it follows that, without removing this obstacle, the achievement of the noosphere is almost impossible and, on the contrary, the destruction of the threat of war will mean that humanity has taken a major step towards the creation of the noosphere.
Noosphere, according to Vernadsky, is a new geological envelope of the Earth, created on scientific grounds. “Scientific thought,” he wrote, “embraced the entire planet, all the states on it. Everywhere created numerous centers of scientific thought and scientific quest. This is the first basic prerequisite for the transition of the biosphere into the noosphere. ”
The noosphere is the result of the action of the two greatest revolutionary processes of modernity merged into a single stream: in the field of scientific thought, on the one hand, and social relations, on the other. Therefore, the creation of the noosphere is possible only as a consequence of a strong union of the forces that are the basis of these processes, i.e. union of science and the working masses.
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