The doctrine of the biosphere and the noosphere was formed as a result of what was done by V. I

INTRODUCTION
The doctrine of the biosphere and the noosphere was formed as a result of what was done by V.I. Vernadsky is the deepest analysis of all the phenomena of life in their mutual connection with themselves and with the inert substance of the planet along the entire path of their historical development.
Academician Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - the great Russian scientist, naturalist and thinker, creator of new scientific disciplines, the theory of the biosphere, the theory of the transition of the biosphere into the noosphere. With the name of V.I.Vernadsky connected the entry into the science of revolutionary scientific ideas, far ahead of their time and served as the basis for their fruitful development in our days.
In 1945, shortly before his death, this great scientist made an outstanding contribution to the development of the modern picture of the world. In those years, his ideas about transforming the Earth's biosphere into a consciously organized and man-controlled noosphere were not appreciated. But over time, when the phenomena predicted by him began to grow with dizzying rapidity, the significance of the theory of the noosphere, of the organic unity of nature and society, that in the conditions of the increased technological power of people, nature can no longer exist and develop without conscious control of its life. humanity, it became apparent.
The concept of the biosphere - the noosphere is the result of all scientific work of the scientist, his worldview. It serves as a scientific foundation in the development of a number of contemporary global problems, and above all, the problems of the human environment and the rational use of the natural wealth of the biosphere.
The choice of this topic is due to the fact that I was interested in the restructuring of the picture of the world that is taking place in our day, which corresponds to the changes that are actually taking place in the world.
one  Biosphere
1.1 The doctrine of the biosphere
The doctrine of the Earth's biosphere is one of the largest and most interesting generalizations of a scientist in the field of natural science. Vernadsky V.I. He was a subtle man in matters of scientific ethics. Therefore, in his works, he points out that the term “biosphere” does not belong to him, but was first used in the early 19th century by Jean Baptiste Lamarck, and the Australian scientist Eduard Süss invested a certain geological meaning in it in 1875. But the completed doctrine associated with this term was created by V.I. Vernadsky, having put a completely different, much deeper meaning into this term.
The doctrine of the biosphere created by V.I. Vernadsky in 1926 considers "living organisms" as something whole and one "," as living matter, that is, the totality of all living organisms existing at the moment, numerically expressed in elementary chemical composition, in the weight of energy ".
For the aggregate of organisms inhabiting the Earth, he introduced the term "living matter", and began to call the biosphere the whole environment in which this living substance is located, that is, the entire water shell of the Earth, since living organisms also exist at the deepest depths of the World Ocean, in which insects fly, birds, people live, as well as the upper part of the Earth’s hard shell - the lithosphere, in which living bacteria in the ground waters meet to a depth of about two kilometers, and the man has penetrated to even greater depths with his mines.
IN AND. Vernadsky defines the biosphere as one of the geospheres, which is fundamentally and irreversibly altered under the influence of living creatures of their modern and previously occurring life activity. According to Vernadsky, the biosphere includes the lower layers of the stratosphere, the entire troposphere, the upper part of the lithosphere, composed of sedimentary rocks and the hydrosphere. Above the earth's surface, the biosphere rises to a height of about 23 km , and below the surface it extends to a depth of 12 km . More or less thick deposits of coal, oil and gas are found in different layers of the stratosphere. No one doubts the plant origin of coal, however, there are discrepancies regarding oil and underground gas; Some geologists do not consider them organic in origin. IN AND. Vernadsky considered both oil and underground gases as a result of the vital activity of the living components of the biosphere. In the last decade, when studying oil, it was found that there are some living bacteria in oil, thus life penetrates into more or less deep layers of the stratosphere.
Thus, the concept of the biosphere is very voluminous in the sense of the radial dimensions of this shell, very deeply regarding the understanding of the role of life in all parts of the biosphere in its broad sense, as well as historically, since the stratosphere can be viewed as a result of the development of the biosphere throughout the geological time.
Every living organism in the biosphere - a natural object - is a living natural body. The living substance of the biosphere is the totality of living organisms living in it.
In the biosphere, there is a "film of life" in which the concentration of living matter is maximum. This is the surface of land, soil and the upper layers of the waters of the oceans. Up and down, the amount of living matter in the Earth’s biosphere decreases sharply.
Much attention in his works on the biosphere V.I. Vernadsky gave the green living substance of plants, because only it is autotrophic, only it is capable of capturing the radiant energy of the Sun and using it to create primary organic compounds.Having considered the volume and energy coefficients of various groups of vegetation, V.I. Vernadsky concluded that "the green expanses of the ocean are the main transformers of the solar energy of our planet."
Much of the energy of "living matter" goes to the formation within the biosphere of new vadose minerals, not known outside the biosphere, and some is buried as organic matter itself, eventually forming deposits of brown and black coal, combustible shale, oil and gas. “We are dealing here, writes V.I. Vernadsky, - with a new process - with slow penetration into the interior of the planet of the radiant energy of the Sun that reached the surface of the Earth. In this way, "living matter" changes the biosphere and the Earth's crust. It continuously leaves in it a part of the chemical elements that have passed through it, creating huge strata of unknown, apart from it, vadose minerals or penetrating the inert matter of the biosphere with the finest dust of its remnants. ”
IN AND. Vernadsky believed that the earth's crust was mostly remnants of former biospheres, and even its granite-gneiss layer was formed as a result of metamorphism and remelting of rocks that once arose under the influence of living matter.He considered only basalts and other basic igneous rocks to be deep, unrelated in their genesis to the biosphere.
Much attention is paid to the forms in the biosphere of various chemical elements, the division of the “living substance” of the biosphere by the sources of nutrition of organisms into autos - hetero and mycotrophic, to the radiation of the field of sustainability of life or life limits, peculiarities of life in the hydrosphere and on land, geochemical cycles of life thickenings and living films of hydrosphere.
It was the geological and cosmic perspectives of the consideration of the role of living matter on the planet led by V.I. Vernadsky concluded that the enormous power of the biosphere (several kilometers) and the heterogeneity of its composition.