The connection of S. with other branches of S. 1

Stylistic Morphology
SM hasn’t been given a full attention to as yet. It’s still on the stage of formation, development.
Linguistic units posses not only lexical m-ngs, but also gram-al ones, which are correlated with extra-linguistic reality. Such classifying gr. m-ngs of the noun, the verb or the adjective represent objects’ actions or qualities, that exist in the world. Plurality and singularity reflect the distinction b/w a multitude and onliness in the real world.
However, this extra-linguistic reality may be represented in dif. l-ges in a dif. way. The notion of definitness and indefinitness is gram-ly expressed in English by a special class of w-ds – the article.
All stylistically relevant morphological means may be:

• 
  quntitative, when they present deviations from expected frequency of occurance;
  
• 
  qualitative, when deviations from l-ge code abridge of some rule or convention.
  

In case of quantitative styl. means, we speak about the normal frequency of a feature and its frequency in the given text
Ex. An exceptional member of passive is found in scientific writing. But in that context it
is convencionable and not noticable. In lit-re, in the telling of the story, even a few
passives instead of active, passives are conceived as strong, because the essence of
the genre is a sequence of actions; as a result, some special m-ng is conveyed.
Qualitative deviations present gram. transpositions, i.e. the ability of gram. forms to carry an unusual or referential m-ng. Accord. to Schendis, we can speak of gram. metaphors, when there’s a transposition of a gram. form from one type of gram. relation to another. W-ds and gram. forms may convey an unusual gram-al or referential m-ng, may deviate from a gram. valency.
So, we should dwell on incongruity b/w traditional signifiers and situational signifiers in the sphere of morphology.
The most frequent type of transposition in the sphere of nouns is the transposition of noun from one lex.-gram. class to another. Thus, nouns denoting inanimate objects and natural phenomena may be transposed into the class of personal nouns, may be endowed with human qualities. It is signaled by the change of valency and the use of pronouns he/she.
Ex. As I sat in the bath tub soaping the meditative foot.
1) personified nouns require dif. gender
Ex. the sun – he; the moon – she; war, anger, fear, death – he; piece, kindness, vessel, car,
ship – she; nature, autumn, spring – she...
As opposed to personification, Screbnev speaks about depersonification, i.e. treating a person as a thing, as an inanimate object (to create contempt, negative attitude).
Personification transposes a common noun into the class of proper names and as a result, it acquires the qualities of possessive case expressed by “’s” (Winter’s Grimm face). The substantivization may help to create an elevated colouring to produce a bookish sounding (The Red, the Green – “Death Of a Hero” by Aldingtone).
The transposition of adjectives into the sphere of nouns creates a generalized m-ng. That’s why they are used in aphorisms, proverbs, epigraphs (From the subline to the rediculous, there’s one step. The best – die young. The busy have no time for tears...)
2) the category of Case
The styl-ly relevant cases occur, when “‘s” is joined to a phrase consisting of a noun with modifiers or sometimes to a whole s-ce
Ex. He is the niece I told you about’s husband.
She is the man that bought my will-borrow’s wife.
3) the category of Number; article
Proper names usually refer to sing. and can’t be used with any article. The indef. article is used with proper names, having the m-ng of “some”.
Ex. A Mr.White is waiting for you).
The indef. article may also refer to a representative of a family
Ex. He was a real Forsyte.
But ther are cases, when the functioning of the cat-ry of nouns in number deviates from the norms of use fixed in the l-ge. Every such case is very expressive and is caused by stylistic needs. The usage of proper names in pl. form may serve to create ironic or even sarcastic effect.
Ex. Any little Soamses yet?
Very often proper names function as common nouns (antonomasia)
In cases of antonomasia proper names beg to pocess some qualities of common nouns and we can build a paradigm: sing::pl. And the form of sing. will denote a person pocessing the qualities associated with the person named.
We should also be able to find out the cases, when proper names used with the indefinite article still have a direct connection with the object named; and the article before proper names denotes that the notion is limited(?) by the circumstances or by the viewer’s perception.
Ex. A more human livable London.
The same happens with personal names, when they are used with attributes denoting qualities.
Ex. Oh, you are a regular Juley!
When one member is taken from the interprity of a family, the indefinite article is used before it.
Having analysed such cases, we may come to the conclusion: proper names, used with indefinite article or in a pl. form, perform a certain stylistic function. They may function as common names (antonomasia), they also may indicate semantic changes in the w-d or add a definite colouring.
The definite article in the beginning of the text creates priority implication, a preference of shared knowledge or the writer and the reader.
Ex. The door of Henry’s lunchroom opened and the three men went in (“The Killers” by
Hamingway)
The definite article may be imployed in polyphonic narration, as the signal of ch-re’s point of view. Very often it’s a feature of non-predicate speech.
Ex. He had the measles, the hoopingcough.
Verbs
4) The category of Tense
The use of the Pres.Tense to express an action of the past and the future (historical pres.)
Cont. forms are often imployed to convey the emotional state of the speaker
Ex. Annette was always running up the town.
Sometimes, the Pres.Cont. may convey the imperative m-ng
Ex. I can’t stand it! You are coming with me!
Fut. Ind., denoting habitual actions, also conveys persistance and evaluation
Ex. Doctors... they’ll tell you anything. will talk there’s no presenting it.
The fut. in the past may be used in the so-called prophetic function, predicating the events to come and realizing the cat-ry of prospection.
Ex. A fool moon would... the would stand at the open windows
In scientific prose “would” denotes regular, repetitive action (the instruction l-ge)

STYLES
2) The aim of scientific style is to prove a hypothesis, to formulate laws of existance, to introduce new concepts, to show the relations b/w phenomena. This S. is very logical and it appeals to the mind of the intellocuter. It’s also stereotyped and objective (impersonal).