The Circulatory System

• Presented by
• Yandiry Saldana

• Title:
• Sharaf al-Mulk, Hujjat al-Haq, Sheikh al-Rayees
• Birth: approximately 980 CE / 370 AH
• Death: 1037 CE / 428 AH
• Ethnicity: Persian
• Region: Central Asia and Persia
• Born: In Persia Bukhara Province

Avicenna (Greek Aβιτζιανός), was a Persian polymath and the foremost physician and philosopher of his time. He was also an astronomer, chemist, geologist, logician, paleontologist, mathematician, physicist, poet, psychologist, scientist, soldier, statesman, and teacher.

• Avicenna (Greek Aβιτζιανός), was a Persian polymath and the foremost physician and philosopher of his time. He was also an astronomer, chemist, geologist, logician, paleontologist, mathematician, physicist, poet, psychologist, scientist, soldier, statesman, and teacher.

• Lecture 1
• Introduction to Drug Discovery

• Dr. Abd El Raheim Donia

• Generally, a drug can be defined as a substance that induces a response within the human body.

• Dr. Abd El Raheim Donia

• FDA Definition of a Drug
• An active ingredient that is intended to induce pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of a disease.

• Is the process of generating (compounds and data) and evaluating all of the necessary information to determine the feasibility of a new chemical entity (NCE) to become a safe and effective drug.

• Dr. Abd El Raheim Donia

• Drug Discovery:
• This process involves finding the target that causes or leads to the disease. Next, chemical or biological compounds are screened using specific assays and are tested against these targets to find leading drug candidates for further development.

• Drug discovery

• Total drug development time grew from an average of 8.1 years in the 1960s to 11.6 years in the 1970s, to 14.2 in the 1980s, to 15.3 years for drugs approved from 1990 through 1995. Another report in 2003 has put the figure at 11.8 years.
• The average cost of developing a new drug is estimated to be about US $ 1 – 1.2 billion, including expenditures on failed projects. This amount is about four times the price of an Airbus A380 at US $ 270 million, or five times that of a Boeing B -787 at US $ 200 million.

• Dr. Abd El Raheim Donia

• Drug Discovery Process

• Dr. Abd El Raheim Donia

• Therapeutic Target

• Lead Discovery

• Lead Optimization

• Clinical Candidate

• Commercial Drug

• drug design