The 4th ir and Business

The 4th IR and Business

2nd

PARK H.K.

([e-mail])

• The 4th-IR

1-1. Industrial Revolution
: The Industrial Revolution is the transition to new manufacturing processes

Arnold Toynbee, (born August 23, 1852, London, England—died March 9, 1883, Wimbledon), English economist and social reformer
The collection of his lectures, published posthumously as The Industrial Revolution in 1884, was one of the first economic histories of Britain’s industrial development in the 18th and 19th centuries.
1-2. The 4th-IR
1-2-1. Introduction

• Germany Industie 4.0(I40)

: The next-generation industrial revolution envisioned by Germany to strengthen the
competitiveness of its manufacturing industry and maintain its leadership

(Lack of productive population due to technological development and high power of latecomers)
-> Establishment of an automatic production system that minimizes input manpower through ICT (information and communication technology) and manufacturing convergence)

• K.Schwab
• In a keynote speech at the Davos Forum in 2016 as the president of the World Economic Forum, the phenomenon of changes in production and social structure throughout the manufacturing and economy due to the spread of automation technology following Industry 4.0 in Germany was named the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

-> A new paradigm of politics, economy, and society as a convergence technology revolution that breaks down all boundaries between digital, bio, and physics.

1-2-2 IR timeline

• Steam engine-based mechanization revolution-mechanization

Production of products from mechanical devices with the invention of the steam
engine
the first industrial revolution(18C)
B. Electric energy-based mass production revolution- Industrialization
The invention of the electric motor made mass production possible and labor saving:
Second Industrial Revolution in the early 19th and 20th centuries
C. Computer, Internet-based knowledge information revolution-informationization
With the development of information and communication technology, the production line is automated, and people perform inspection and management of the production line:
3rd industrial revolution: late 20th century:
D. Artificial Intelligence Bio-based CPS Revolution: intelligence
The convergence of technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data makes people-things-space hyper-connectivity, super-intelligence, and convergence:
4th industrial revolution: present:

CPS (Cyber Physical system): Data collected from the physical real world is analyzed in the computing world to control the real world again.
A system in which the cyber world and the physical world communicate with each other through network connections and are automatically and intelligently controlled
1.3. the 4th-IR :
1-3-1. 3core technologies
3 core technologies
- Digital technology : Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data, sharing platform, etc
-Bio technology : genetic engineering, synthetic biology, bioprinting, etc.
-Physical technology : unmanned transportation means, 3D printing, robots, new nano materials, alternative energy, etc.
1-3-2. 5 major technologies

• Internet of Things:

Real-time data communication technology through networks, etc. by attaching
sensors to things
Ex) IoT + artificial intelligence + big data + robotics = smart factory
B. Robotics:
Technologies that apply biological structures to robotics, and improve adaptability and flexibility
Ex) Robotics + Biotechnology = Hospital automation robot
C. 3D Printing:
Manufacturing technology that builds objects by stacking raw materials based on 3D design drawings or modeling data
Ex) 3D printing + biotechnology = artificial organs
D. Artificial intelligence:
computer technology that mimics human intelligence activities such as thinking and learning
Ex) AI + Internet of Things + Vehicle = Unmanned autonomous vehicle
E. Big data:
technology that extracts value from large amounts of data and analyzes the results
Ex) Big data + artificial intelligence + medical information = personalized medical care

• IoT

- The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.
- What technologies have made IoT possible?
While the idea of IoT has been in existence for a long time, a collection of recent advances in a number of different technologies has made it practical.
-Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology.
-Connectivity.
-Cloud computing platforms
-Machine learning and analytics
-Conversational artificial intelligence (AI).
B. Robotics
- Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering. Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design machines that can help and assist humans.
- Robotics is an interdisciplinary sector of science and engineering dedicated to the design, construction and use of mechanical robots.
* Humanoid Robots
Humanoid robots are robots that look like and/or mimic human behavior. These robots usually perform human-like activities (like running, jumping and carrying objects), and are sometimes designed to look like us, even having human faces and expressions.
Two of the most prominent examples of humanoid robots are Hanson Robotics’ Sophia (in the video above) and Boston Dynamics’ Atlas.
Sophia
Boston Dynamics’ Atlas.
Hyundai Humanoid robots
[Dall-e]
[pepper]
spot
C. 3D Printing
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model.
The term "3D printing" can refer to a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused together), typically layer by layer.
This is because prototyping can be shortened to a few hours. After making a prototype with a 3D printer, if you have any comments, you can reflect them on the design drawings and print them out again. The industry estimates that 23% of the currently prototyping products are printed with a 3D printer.
3D printing is an essential technology in the 4th industrial revolution. This is because the foundation of the 4th industrial revolution is nothing less than the basis for customized production, distribution, and logistics services.
D. AI(Artificial Intelligence)
-Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science
concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically
require human intelligence.
-Technology for artificially realizing some or all of human intellectual abilities

• Self-learning from big data and accumulating knowledge to derive meaningful information
• As Google succeeded in developing AlphaGo through deep learning technology, various machine learning were developed.

• Big data
• Meaning : Big data is larger, more complex data sets, especially from new data sources.
• These data sets are so voluminous that traditional data processing software just can’t
• manage them. But these massive volumes of data can be used to address business
• problems you wouldn't have been able to tackle before.

The definition of big data is data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes and with more velocity. This is also known as the three Vs.
- The three Vs of big data

• Volume The amount of data matters. With big data, you’ll have to process high volumes of low-density, unstructured data. This can be data of unknown value, such as Twitter data feeds, clickstreams on a web page or a mobile app, or sensor-enabled equipment. For some organizations, this might be tens of terabytes of data. For others, it may be hundreds of petabytes.

2. Velocity Velocity is the fast rate at which data is received and (perhaps) acted on. Normally, the highest velocity of data streams directly into memory versus being written to disk. Some internet-enabled smart products operate in real time or near real time and will require real-time evaluation and action.
3. Variety Variety refers to the many types of data that are available. Traditional data types were structured and fit neatly in a relational database. With the rise of big data, data comes in new unstructured data types. Unstructured and semistructured data types, such as text, audio, and video, require additional preprocessing to derive meaning and support metadata.-

	PC age	internet age	mobile age	Smart age
paradigm shift;	Digitalization Computerization,	Onlineization, Informationization	Socialization, Mobileization	Intelligent personalization, object informationization
Information technology issues	PC, PC communication, database	high-speed internet, www, web server	mobile internet, smartphone	big data, next-generation PC, things network
Core fields:	PC, OS/	portal, search engine, web 2.0	smartphone, web service, SNS	future outlook, situational awareness, personalization service
epresentative company	IBM, MS	Google, Naver, YouTube	Apple, Facebook, Twitter	Google, Samsung, Apple, Facebook, Twitter
Information Technology Vision	One PC	Click e-Korea	PC in Hand, Communication	IT everywhere, New Value Creation

** Paradigm of Information Technology

data scale	EB end of 1990 : 100EB	ends of 2011: 1.8ZB	ZB era 2020 will increase 50 times compared to 2011
data type	structured data database, information	Unstructured data multimedia	Object information, cognitive information (RFID, sensor, object information)
data characteristics	structuring	Diversity Complexity, Socialization	realism, real-time

Since 2010, as the Internet environment improves and mobile technology develops, SNS etc. become active and the mobile revolution is achieved, the era of big data has arrived. In other words, new changes such as the smart era, artificial intelligence, object information communication, and augmented reality have occurred.
Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple collect and utilize vast amounts of data through their core services. As of August 2012, Facebook generated more than 2.5 billion pieces (500 TB) of data, and Twitter generated more than 400 million pieces of data every day as of January 2013.
1-4. 5 Elements of the 4th Industrial Revolution

• A revolution that destructively reshapes all industries and nations
• through the convergence of physical, digital, and biotechnology.

4IR
Hyper- Convergence
hyper- intelligence
Super- life
Super- reliability
Hyper-
connectivity
1-4-1. convergence
1-4-2. hyper-intelligence
AI, big-data, Robotics, Autonomous vehicles etc.: This is the most important big data, and it is presupposed that superintelligence of technology and industrial structure is achieved by connecting with AI.
1-4-3 hyper connectivity
-A hyper-connected society refers to a society in which humans and all programs, apps, and objects are connected through the Internet, that is, a society in which objects and people are connected through networks.
-The technology that is the foundation of a hyper-connected society is the Internet of Things, big data and 5G technology.
-According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), it is a mobile communication technology with a maximum speed of 20 Gbps. Through its strengths of ultra-low latency and hyper-connectivity, it is possible to realize the core technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, such as virtual reality, autonomous driving, and Internet of Things technology.[Naver Encyclopedia of Knowledge]
1-4-4 super-reliability :
A technology that can secure mutual trust in hyper-connectivity, etc. is required,
a representative example of which is blockchain technology.
Blockchain is one of the technologies that can realize the era of super trust when the 4th industrial revolution era is the era of hyper-connectivity, super intelligence, super sense, and super trust.
Fields include financial fields such as banking and investment services, medical fields including insurance and health care, logistics, distribution, and public service fields.
** 4 technical characteristics of blockchain
1. Decentralization
The blockchain does not entrust the ledger containing transaction records to
a third party such as a book or bank, but rather creates and manages activities
such as verification, approval, and consensus by participants directly.
2. Transparency
As soon as new blocks are created, they are sent to all participants and shared. Blockchain records are visible to all participants, and all participants become observers. In addition, since the real name of the participant is unknown, it has anonymity.
3. Immutability
Once blocks are sequentially linked, once linked blocks are difficult to modify or delete. When a new block is created, the hash function of the previous block is used, so it is almost impossible to modify or delete any one block in the middle because it is necessary to change the contents of all blocks in all participants' computers at once.
4. Availability
The data of the blockchain is distributed and stored in the pc nodes of all participants, so even if any one of them causes a problem, the entire system is maintained and there is no interruption 24 hours a day. Even if one goes wrong, the system continues to operate because the remaining nodes exist.
1-4-5. 초생명성
As digital technologies
such as artificial
intelligence/Internet of Things,
wearable devices, smartphones, big data, and 3D printers are applied in various fields to the medical and health industries, the convergence of digital technologies and the medical sector is rapidly progressing.
In addition, by using big data, personalized services not only for treatment, but also for exercise, health care, and lifestyle are becoming available, so an industrial platform based on bio big data is emerging. The convergence of ICT and bio-health industry can revitalize new industries, and it is expected to create a structure that can benefit the public by reducing social costs nationally.
2. 4IR and future
2-1. The 4th Industrial Revolution and Changes in Industrial Structure
A. The source of competition is data
Data needed for machine learning is a new source of competition
Global ICT companies that secure large-scale data are leading the market.
2007
1. Petro China
2. ExxonMobil
3. GE
4. China Mobile
5. Central Industrial and Commercial Bank
2017
1. Apple
2. Google
3. Microsoft
4. Amazon 5. Facebook
-> Manufacturing industries are returning to their home countries to respond to customized services based on data
B. Competition method: platform
-Changes in industrial competition centered on platforms and ecosystems that
create and utilize data
-The market is expanding with various services and dance groups connected to the ICT platform, and heterogeneous industries are invading.
2-2. Changes in the employment structure due to the 4th industrial revolution
1. Amount of jobs
Automation of simple and repetitive tasks "Automation of difficult and risky tasks
and increase in quality jobs
2. Job quality: Reorganized into high-value-added work: The value of labor is increased due to creative and emotional work that is difficult to automate
3. Employment Type: Expansion of non-standard employment and strengthening of workers' choice of work
Spread of crowd-work independent of working hours, places or employers
Assignment :

• Find out about the problems of the first industrial revolution in England that Toynbee was concerned about, and summarize it in 500 words or less.
• Let's predict the change in our quality of life due to the 4th industrial revolution. Please write in 500-700 words.
• Summarize the changes in the labor structure brought about by the 4th industrial revolution and job changes in 500 words or less.

-> submit to [e-mail] by March 17th - the end