Termiz davlat universiteti denov filiali

GRAMATIKA
OTLARNING KO`PLIK SONI (THE PLURAL FORMS OF THE NOUNS)
Ingliz tilida otlarning ko`pligi ularga –s qo`shimchasini qo`shish bilan yasaladi. Bu qo`shimcha Jarangsiz undoshlardan keyin [s] deb o`qiladi, Jarangli unoshlar va unlilardan keyin [z] deb o`qiladi: map – maps, belt – belts, safe – safes; hand – hands, shoe – shoes, bag – bags.
-s, -ss, -x, ch, -sh harflari bilan tugagan otlarga –es qo`shimchasi qo`shiladi va [iz] deb o`qiladi: a dress-dresses, a box-boxes, a dish-dishes, a bench — benches, a match — matches.
Otlar oxiridagi –y harfiga ko`plik qo`shimchasi –es qo`shilganda –y harfi –i ga aylanadi: army – armies, city – cities, factory – factories, company – companies.
O harfi bilan tugagan so`zlarga –es qo`shiladi: hero – heroes, tomato – tomatoes.
-f, -fe bilan tugagan otlarga –es, –s qo`shiladi va f harfi v ga aylanadi: leaf – leaves, wolf – wolves, knife – knives, wife – wives.
Ingliz tilida ayrim otlarning ko`plik shakli yuqoridagi qoidadan mustasnodir. Bu turdagi otlar o`zagidagi unli o`zgarishi bilan yoki ayrim qo`shimchalar qo`shilishi bilan ko`plikka aylanadi: man (erkak) — men (erkaklar) woman (ayol) — women (ayollar) tooth(tish) — teeth (tishlar) foot (oyoq) — feet (oyoqlar) ox (ho`kiz) — oxen (ho`kizlar).


OTLARDA EGALIK (QARATQICH) KELISHIGI (s’ , ’s , of predlogi)
Egalik kelishigidagi otlar biror narsaga ega ekanlikni yoki munosabatdalikni anglatadi. Egalik kelishigi “s” (apostrofli “s”) suffiksi yordamida yasaladi. Nilufar’s bag — Nilufarning sumkasi. My brother’s son — akamning o`g’li.
Ko`plik sondagi ot egalik kelishigida kelsa, unda otning ko`plik qo`shimchasi -s (-es) dan so`ng fakat ( ’ ) apostrof qo`yiladi: student’s book — studentning kitobi. students’ book — studentlarning kitoblari.