Technical Report · January 007 citations reads 319,609 author: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects

concept
is in reference to theories, principles and information based 
mainly on memory. These are considered 
facts 
(
facts or data
are a date, a play title, authors’ 
names, etc.). An example would be to memorize the formula for the area of a triangle. 
However, apart from the 
data
, it is necessary to learn and understand the 
concept
, which can 
be related between several concepts (theories) or more general concepts (principles). For 
instance, everyone knows that when rubbing two bodies against each other, they receive an 
electric charge. The concept of electric current allows us to understand why this happens. 
Nonetheless, the comprehension of a concept is not acquired immediately, but gradually, by 
bringing to the table more than one concept at the same time. Thus, 
concepts
are not to be 
memorized, but understood. They also must be learnt in a reasonable way and not 
mechanically.
Learning of facts 
Learning of concepts 
It consists of............. 
It is reached by........ 
It is acquired 
Literal copy 
Repetition
At once 
Relation with prior knowledge 
Comprehension
Gradually 

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It is forgotten.................. Quickly 
Slowly and gradually 
Table VIII. 3. Facts and concepts as contents of learning (Pozo, 1992:29) 
 
While the learning of facts only admits quantitative differences (whether you know 
the capital of Spain or not), the learning of concepts is characterized by qualitative aspects (a 
Primary Education student may understand the moon phases but an astronomer would 
understand it at a different level). 
The term 
procedure
is defined as the techniques, skills, competences and strategies 
that encompass the 
know how to do
. It is the amount of structured actions that are aimed at 
the achievement of a goal. Some examples of procedures can be the relation between text 
commentaries, interpreting statistics charts or analyzing a sentence, etc. 
Procedures may be part of a certain