6.
Glossary of terms
Accuracy, Measurement Accuracy, Accuracy of Measurement - Closeness of agreement between a
measured quantity value and a true quantity value of a measurand (JCGM200:2008).
Analyte - The component of a sample or test item which embodies a quantity or quality that is ultimately
determined directly or indirectly. The term ‘analyte’ in this document is applied to any substance or material
to be analysed (e.g. blood components, chemical constituents, microorganisms, etc).
Bias, Measurement Bias - Estimate of a systematic measurement error (JCGM200:2008).
Binary Classification Test - Is the task of classifying the members of a given set of objects into two groups
on the basis of whether they have some property or not (e.g. applied to medical testing a binary classification
tests is used to determine if a patient has certain disease or not - the classification property is the disease).
May also be referred to as a presence/absence test, or a positive/negative test.
Blank - A blank value is obtained as a result of analysis of a specimen which does not, as far as possible,
contain the analyte(s) in question. Use of various types of blanks (to which no analytes have been added)
enables assessment of how much of the measured instrument response is attributable to the analyte and
how much to other causes. Various types of blank are available to the user: Reagent blanks: Reagents
used during the analytical process (including solvents used for extraction or dissolution) are analysed in
isolation in order to see whether they contribute to the measurement signal. The measurement result arising
from the analyte can then be corrected accordingly. Sample blanks. These are essentially matrices with no
analyte. They may be difficult to obtain but such materials give the best estimate of the effects of
interferences that would be encountered in the analysis of test samples (Eurachem, 1998).
Calibration - Operation that, under specified conditions in a first step, establishes a relation between the
quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding
indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to
establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication. A calibration may be expressed by
a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it
may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement
uncertainty. Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly
called “self-calibration”, nor with verification of calibration (JCGM200:2008).
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