Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively

Nückles, and Renkl (2010) includes two 

contrasts, one of which is related to Recom-

mendation 1 and one of which is related to 

Recommendation 2. 

61  Kim et al. (2011); Olson and Land (2008); 

Olson et al. (2016); Stevens (2003).

62  Hübner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010).

63  Lesaux et al. (2014).

64  Hübner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010); Niemi 

et al. (2007).

65  Olson (2010). 

66  McGinley and Denner (1987).

67  Olson (2015).

68  Adapted from Mast (2002).

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Endnotes 

(continued)

Endnotes 

(continued)

69  For more information on teaching algebra 

and encouraging students to explain their 

mathematical reasoning, see the Teaching 

Strategies for Improving Algebra Knowledge 

in Middle and High School Students practice 

guide (Star et al. 2015). 

70  Graham and Hebert (2010).

71  Adapted from Greenstein (2010).

72  For more information on data-driven decision 

making, see the Using Student Achievement 

Data to Support Instructional Decision Making 

practice guide (Hamilton et al. 2009). 

73  Kim et al. (2011).

74  Gallagher, Woodworth, and Arshan