Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively

lawyers, engineers—all 'think' with pen 

to paper, chalk to chalkboard, hands on 

terminal keys." 

Young and Fulwiler (1986)

Overview of the recommendations

Recommendation 1. Explicitly teach appro-

priate writing strategies using a Model-Practice-

Reflect instructional cycle.

•  Recommendation 1a. Explicitly teach 

appropriate writing strategies. 

1. Explicitly teach strategies for planning 

and goal setting, drafting, evaluating, 

revising, and editing. 

2. Instruct students on how to choose and 

apply strategies appropriate for the 

audience and purpose.

•  Recommendation 1b. Use a Model-

Practice-Reflect instructional cycle to teach 

writing strategies. 

1. Model strategies for students.

2. Provide students with opportunities to 

apply and practice modeled strategies.

3. Engage students in evaluating and 

reflecting upon their own and peers’ 

writing and use of modeled strategies.