Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively

(2008); Olson et al. (2016).

139  Hübner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010).

140  Stevens (2003). 

141  Lesaux et al. (2014).

142  Stevens (2003).

143  Hübner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010); Kim 

et al. (2011).

144  Niemi et al. (2007); Olson et al. (2016). 

145  Fong et al. (2015); Olson and Land 

(2008); Stevens (2003).

146  Fong et al. (2015); Kim et al. (2011); 

Niemi et al. (2007); Olson and Land 

(2008); Olson et al. (2016); Stevens 

(2003).

147  Hübner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010).

148  Fong et al. (2015); Hübner, Nückles, and 

Renkl (2010); Niemi et al. (2007). Hüb-

ner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010) includes 

two contrasts, one of which is related to 

Recommendation 1 and one of which is 

related to Recommendation 2.

149  Kim et al. (2011); Olson and Land (2008); 

Olson et al. (2016); Stevens (2003).

150  Fong et al. (2015); Hübner, Nückles, and 

Renkl (2010); Niemi et al. (2007); Olson 

and Land (2008); Olson et al. (2016); 

Stevens (2003).

151  Kim et al. (2011).

152  Hübner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010); 

Niemi et al. (2007).

153  Fong et al. (2015); Kim et al. (2011); 

Niemi et al. (2007); Olson and Land 

(2008); Olson et al. (2016); Stevens 

(2003).

154  Hübner, Nückles, and Renkl (2010).

155  Kim et al. (2011).

156  Gallagher, Woodworth, and Arshan 

(2015); Olson and Land (2008); Olson 

et al. (2016). 

157  Kim et al. (2011); Olson and Land (2008); 

Olson et al. (2016). 

158  Gallagher, Woodworth, and Arshan 

(2015).

159  Kim et al. (2011); Olson and Land (2008); 

Olson et al. (2016).

160  Gallagher, Woodworth, and Arshan 

(2015).

161  Kim et al. (2011).

162  Gallagher, Woodworth, and Arshan 

(2015); Olson et al. (2016). 

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Endnotes 

(continued)

Endnotes 

(continued)

163  Olson and Land (2008).

164  Kim et al. (2011); Olson and Land (2008); 

Olson et al. (2016).

165  Gallagher, Woodworth, and Arshan 

(2015).

166  Ibid.

167  Gallagher, Woodworth, and Arshan 

(2015); Olson and Land (2008); Olson 

et al. (2016). 

168  Kim et al. (2011).

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Intervention  

Report

Practice 

Guide

Quick 

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Review

A practice guide presents recommendations for educators to address challenges in their classrooms and 

schools. They are based on reviews of research, the experiences of practitioners, and the expert opinions 

of a panel of nationally recognized experts.

This practice guide was prepared for the WWC by Mathematica Policy Research under contract ED-IES-13-C-0010.

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