Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively

Recommendation 1. Explicitly teach 

appropriate writing strategies using a 

Model-Practice-Reflect instructional cycle.

Level of evidence: 

Strong Evidence

WWC staff and the panel assigned a strong 

level of evidence based on six studies that 

meet WWC group design standards without 

reservations

106

 and five studies that meet 

WWC group design standards with reserva-

tions (see Table D.2).

107

 All studies related to 

this recommendation found positive effects 

on at least one writing outcome.

 

Three stud-

ies also found an indeterminate effect on an 

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( 

69

 )

Appendix D 

(continued)

Appendix D 

(continued)

additional writing outcome,

108

 and one study 

found a negative effect on an additional 

writing outcome.

109

 The studies collectively 

demonstrated consistent positive effects on 

the most relevant outcomes, as well as strong 

internal and external validity.