Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively

Role of expert 

opinion

Not applicable

Not applicable

Expert opinion based on defen-

sible interpretations of theory 

(theories). (In some cases, this sim-

ply means that the recommended 

practices would be difficult to 

study in a rigorous, experimental 

fashion; in other cases, it means 

that researchers have not yet stud-

ied this practice.)

When assess-

ment is the 

focus of the 

recommenda-

tion

For assessments, meets the stan-

dards of The Standards for Educa-

tional and Psychological Testing.

93

 

For assessments, evidence of reli-

ability that meets The Standards 

for Educational and Psychological 

Testing but with evidence of valid-

ity from samples not adequately 

representative of the population 

on which the recommendation is 

focused.

Not applicable

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( 

63

 )