MUNDARUA
Kirish: Tarixiy xotirasiz kelajak yo'q.......................................................................................... 3
I bob. Tarix fani nimani o‘rganadi?
1-§. Tarixiy manbalar................................................................................................................. 7
2-§. Kalendarlar tarixidan........................................................................................................... 9
3-§. Tarixda yil hisobi...............................................................................................................12
4-§. Dunyo xaritasi tarixi.......................................................................................................... 15
II bob. Eng qadimgi davrlarda dunyo xalqlari
5-§. Eng qadimgi odamlar va ularning manzilgohlari............................................................ 19
6-§. Qadimgi odamlarning turmush tarzi............................................................................... 21
7-§. Arxeologiya tarixidan......................................................................................................... 25
III bob. Kishilik madaniyatining shakllanishi
8-§. Qoyatosh suratlari..............................................................................................................28
9-§. Yozuv — insoniyatning buyuk kashfiyoti.............................................................................31
10-§. «Avesto» — ajdodlarimiz yaratgan ilk yozma tarixiy manba......................................... 34
11-§. Muzeylar..........................................................................................................................37
IV bob.
Dastlabki sivilizatsiyalar,
shaharlar va davlatlar
12-§. Yevropa va Amerikada dastlabki sivilizatsiyalar.............................................................41
13-§. Qadimgi shaharlarning paydo bo'lishi.............................................................................. 45
14-§. Dunyoning qadimgi davlatlari......................................................................................... 48
15-§. Qadimgi dunyoning yetti mo'jizasi.................................................................................. 51
16-§. O'zbekiston hududidagi qadimgi davlatlar.................................................................... 54
V bob.
Savdo va aloqa
17-§. Tangalar — tarix guvohi...................................................................................................58
18-§. Savdo yo'llari................................................................................................................... 61
19-§. Yangi dengiz savdo yo'llarining ochilishi......................................................................... 64
20-§. Ishlab chiqarish texnikasining paydo bo'lishi..................................................................67
21-§. Transport vositalarining ixtiro etilishi.............................................................................. 70
22-§. Aloqa vositalarining ixtiro etilishi.....................................................................................73
YI bob. Vatanimizda va Yevropada ilm-fan taraqqiyoti
23-§. Maktab — bilim o'chog'i................................................................................................. 78
24-§. Yurtimizning buyuk allomalari.........................................................................................82
25-§. Mirzo Ulug'bek va uning akademiyasi........................................................................... 86
26-§. Yurt obodonchiligi, adabiyot va san’at.............................................................................89
27-§. Yevropada ilm-fen kashfiyotlari.........................................................................................93
28-§. Turkiston ma’riiatpaivarlari............................................................................................. 95
VII bob. Ozodlik uchun kurashgan qahramonlar
29-§. To'marisva Shiroq jasorati............................................................................................. 99
30-§. Spitamenning qahramonligi........................................................................................... 102
31-§. Arablarga qarshi xalq ozodlik kurashi........................................................................... 105
32-§. Jaloliddin Manguberdi xalqimizning milliy qahramoni..................................................108
33-§. Sohibqiron Amir Temur................................................................................................112
3 4 -35-§. Rossiya imperiyasi va Sovet mustamlakachiligi......................................................... 115
VIII bob. 0 ‘zbekistonning
qadimgi shaharlari,
tarixiy yodgorliklari
36-§. O'zbekistonning tarixiy shaharlari............................................................................... 120
37-§. O'zbekiston poytaxti Toshkent — 2200 yoshda............................................................... 125
3 8 -39-§. O'zbekistonning tarixiy-me’moriy yodgorliklari.................................................... 129
IX bob. Insoniyat
tarixidagi jahon urushlari
40-§. Birinchi jahon urushi......................................................................................................134
41-§. Birinchi jahon urushi va Turkiston...............................................................................137
42-§. Ikkinchi jahon urushi..................................................................................................... 140
43-§. Gitler Germaniyasi ustidan qozonilgan g'alabaga O'zbekistonning qo'shgan hissasi......143
X bob. Jahonda tinchlik
va hamkorlik uchun kurash
44-§. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT)...........................................................................148
45-§. BMT va dunyo bolalari.................................................................................................152
XI bob. O ‘zbekiston mustaqil taraqqiyot yo‘lida
46-§. O'zbekiston mustaqilligining qo'lga kiritilishi.................................................................155
47-§. O'zbekiston iqtisodiyotidagi yutuqlar.............................................................................158
48-§. Ma’naviy va ma’rifiy yuksalish...................................................................................... 162
49-§. O'zbekiston va jahon..................................................................................................... 167
XII bob.
Dunyo xalqlari XXI asrda
5 0 -51-§. Dunyo xavfsizligiga tahdid........................................................................................171
52-§. XXI asr — ilm-fan va taraqqiyot asri......................................................................... 176
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar.................................................................................................... 180
