Tajriba ishi №1 Elektr stantsiya va nimstantsiyalarning elektr jixozlarini urganish

Tajriba ma’lumotlariga asosan:

1. 
   Salt ishlash xarakteristikasini kuring.
   
2. 
   Salt ishlash toki (I_c) kiymatini, faol (I_k) va reaktiv (I_r) tashkil etuvchilarini aniklang.
   
3. 
   Salt ishlash (yurish) kattaliklarini aniklang (Z_c, r_c va x_c).
   
4. 
   Tuyinish tokining nominal toki (I_n) a nisbatini aniklang.
   
5. 
   Kiska tutashuv xarakteristikasini ko’ring.
   

If (U_k); P_kf (U_k); sos_kf (U_k)

6. 
   Kiska tutashuv kuchlanish (U_k)i va uning faol (U_k) va reaktiv (U_k) tashkil etuvchilarini aniklang.
   
7. 
   Kiska tutashuv kattaliklarini aniklang (Z_k, r_k va x_k)
   

3-bandni bajarish
Salt ishlash tajribasini utkazish uchun 1.1-rasmda kursatilgan sxemani o’qing R_r yordamida birlamchi chulgamdagi kuchlanish (U₁) ni 1.2. U₂-ga to’g’rilang.
Bu birlamchi nuktani 1.1-jadvalga yozing.
Asta-sekin U₁ kuchlanishni mumkin bulgan kiymatiga kamaytirib, yana 4-5 ta nukta oling. Olingan ma’lumotlarni 1.1 jadvalga yozing.

Rasm-1.1. Transformatorning salt ishlash rejimidagi
elektr sxemasi.

Rasm-1.2. Transformatorning kiska tutash rejimida
ishlash sxemasi.



Rasm-1.3. Transformatorning yuklamada ishlash sxemasi
1.1-jadval

Ulchangan					Xisoblangan
t/b	U1c	U2c	I1c	Pc	I1c/Iyu	sosc	Ic	Icp	Zc	rc	Xc
t/b	V	V	A	Vt

4-bandni bajarish
Kiska tutashuv tajribasini bajarish. 1-2 rasmda kursatilgan elektrik sxemani yiging. Ikkilamchi chulgam toki I_2k12 I_n ga yetguncha R_r yordamida U_1k kuchlanishni tugrilang.
Birinchi nuktani 1.2 jadvalga yozing. Asta-sekin U_1l kuchlanishni kamaytira borib yana 4-5 nukta oling va 1.2 jadvalga yozing.

1.2-jadval

Ulchangan					Xisoblangan
t/b	U1k	I1k	I1k	Pk	cos	Uka	Uka	Vkp	Zk	r	Xb
t/b	V	A	A	Vt		%	%	%	Om	Om	Om

5-bandni bajarish
Tashki xarakteristikani olish. U₁sonst va cosconst bulganda U₂f (I₂)/
1.3-rasmda kursatilgan elektr sxemani yiging. SA kushgich uchirilgan xolda, R_p yordamida U_1n nominal kuchlanishga tugrilang. Birinchi nuktani 1.3-jadvalga yozing. Asta-sekin SA₁SA₄ ni kushib (transformatorni yuklab) yana 4-5 ta nukta oling.

t/b	U1	U2	I2
№	V	V	A

Xisoblash uchun formulalar

Salt ishlash:
Sos ; I_1cI_c cos_c; Z_c
I_p2I_1c sin_c; r_cZ_ccos_c; x_sZ_p sin_c
Kiska tutashish:
U₁ 100% ; U_kA ; U_kp

Tashki:
 ; 

Tekshirish uchun savollar

1. 
   Transformatorning tuzilishi va ishlash tarzini tushuntirib bering.
   
2. 
   Kuchlanishning transformatsiya koeffitsienti nima? Transformator salt ishlash xarakteristikasining ma’nosi nimada?
   
3. 
   Birlamchi chulgamga beriladigan kuchlanish oshirilganda kuvvat koeffitsientiga kanday ta’sir kiladi?
   
4. 
   Nima uchun kiska tutashish kuchlanishi U_1l minimal kuchlanishdan U_1n ancha kichkina bo’lsa xam, kiska tutashish tajribasida birlamchi chulgamdagi tok uzining nominal kiymatiga erishadi?
   
5. 
   Transformator salt ishlaganda kaysi kismlarda energiya sarfi kup buladi?
   
6. 
   Kiska tutashish vaktida transformatorning kaysi kismlarida energiya sarf buladi? Ularning kaysi biri katta kismini tashkil kiladi?
   
7. 
   Kiska tutashish kuchlanishi deb nimaga aytiladi va kanday birliklarda kursatiladi?
   
8. 
   Kiska tutashish bulganda, transformatorning ekvivalent sxemasi kanday kurinishda buladi?
   
9. 
   Kiska tutashish tajribasi asosida kuvvat koeffitsienti kanday aniklanadi?
   
10. 
    Uch fazali transformator kanday tuzilgan? Magnit utkazgich tugrisida suzlab bering?