T. C. Dokuz eylüL ÜNİversitesi EĞİTİm biLİmleri enstiTÜSÜ yabanci diller eğİTİMİ anabiLİm dali

1. 8. Abbreviations 

ALM: Audio-Lingual Method 

CLT: Communicative Language Teaching 

DEU: Dokuz Eylul University 

DIS: Disagree 

EFL: English as a Foreign Language 

EU: Ege University 

MA: Mostly Agree 

PA: Partially Agree 

Q-A-Q-A: Question-Answer-Question-Answer 

SA: Strongly Agree 

UND: Undecided 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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CHAPTER 2 

 

LITERATURE REVIEW 

 

2. 1. Introduction 

 

In this chapter, the literature relevant to this study is presented in two 

categories: the  methodology of oral interaction and oral interaction activities. First, 

Rivers and Temperley’s, second, Littlewood’s view of teaching speaking are 

explained in the methodology of oral interaction part. Then oral interaction activities 

of four – Littlewood, Penny Ur, Jeremy Harmer and Rivers and Temperley’s are 

explained in detail.