Stylistic semasiology

Chiasmus is a special variety of parallelism. It is a reproduction in the given sentence of the general syntactical structure as well as of the lexical elements of the preceding sentence, the syntactical positions of the lexical elements undergoing inversion:
«The jail might have been the infirmary, the infirmary might have been the jail...» (Dickens).
The second part of a chiasmus is inversion of the first sentence.
SPO → OPS
It is sometimes achieved by a sudden change from the active voice to the passive or vice versa:
e.g. Down dropped the breeze,
The sails dropped down.
(Coleridge)
This SD helps to lay stress on the second part of the utterance. It is sometimes used to break the monotory of paralled constructions.
Anaphora is the use of identical words at the beginning of two or more contiguous sentences or verse lines. Sometimes it is com­bined with parallelism, e. g.:
«Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow!
Farewell to the straits and green valleys below!
Farewell to the forests and wild hanging woods!
Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!»
(Burns)
The expressive purpose of anaphora to imprint the elements, emphasized by repetition, in the reader's memory, to impart a pecu­liar kind of rhythm to the speech and to increase the sound har­mony.
Epiphora is recurrence of identical elements in the end of two or more contiguous utterances, e. g.:
«Now this gentleman had a younger brother of still better ap­pearance than himself, who had tried life as a cornet of dragoons, and found it a bore; and had afterwards tried it in the train of an English minister abroad, and found it a bore...» (Dickens).
Epiphora contributes to rhythmical regularity of speech, making prose resemble poetry. It may be combined with anaphora and par­allelism.
Stylistic value of syntactical categories
Syntactical categories may possess certain stylistic value. Some of them display expressive potentialities; others imply appurte­nance to special spheres of sub-languages, i. e. they are non-neutral.