Sources for assessing language skills, resources for young language learners in flt

Conclusion
It can be concluded that Internet resources play an important role in teaching foreign languages at the present stage. A special place is given to special sites.
It mainly depends on the wide range of network capabilities.
Firstly , the Internet allows you to constantly receive new information on a topic of interest. At the same time, information in a foreign language will always be understandable, important and up-to-date.
Secondly, existing sites allow you to track the level of your knowledge by performing one or another training exercise.
Thirdly, with the help of sites, you can create a genuine language environment based on intensive communication with native speakers, work with authentic literature, and listening .
And, finally, the Internet is an indispensable assistant in teaching various types and aspects of speech activity. The Internet can become a means of achieving educational goals for both the student and the teacher.
In the course of the work, common sources and ways of replenishing the language as a lexical unit were investigated. The historical periods of the development of the English language are studied, the ways of replenishment of the English language, characteristic for each period, are highlighted. And also a list of ways to replenish the lexical composition, characteristic of the English language in general, has been formed.
In accordance with the present period, the most relevant ways and sources of replenishment of the English language were identified, namely: borrowings and ways of extralinguistic replenishment of the lexical composition of the language.
However, I cannot consider my hypothesis confirmed. Yes, borrowing certainly plays a big role in the development of the language, but this method was most relevant during the formation of the English language. Namely, in the Old English period. In the context of constantly developing technologies, in the period of modern English, the main way to replenish it is still rethinking already known words, changing the denotation itself and euphemia. In this regard, the sources of replenishment of the English language can be called the English language itself, scientific and technological progress, as well as the terminology associated with it.
The interaction of borrowings and the vocabulary of the language that adopted them is clearly seen from the history of words denoting the concept of work, work, synonymous with the original "to work". After borrowing in the Middle English period the verbs: "labouren" - "to work hard, make great efforts" (from St. French laborer - Latin laborare) and "travaillen" - "work hard" (from St. French travailler Nar. trepaliare to torment), the first of these verbs, closely synonymous with native English "swincan", displaced this latter from the common language into some territorial dialects. The second verb "travailler" could not compete with the original verb "werken" and therefore underwent significant changes in its semantic structure. Since the 16th century, its main meaning has been to travel (modern English “to travel”). In this sense, it displaces the original verb "lithenan" to travel, which by the time the verb "travailler" appeared had already become of little use.
Later, as a new word, quite independently of the first, the old French noun "travail" is borrowed into English, meaning "hard work" and "pangs in childbirth." It has changed its phonetic appearance less, retaining the typical French accent on the second syllable [trae'veil]. The corresponding verb “to travail” was also formed from it - “to work painfully” and “to suffer in childbirth”. The result is the so-called doublet pair "to travel" - "to travail".
In the early stages of language formation, borrowing played a key role in adapting English speakers to a changing world. The languages of the invaders were simply closely intertwined with the English language, and the words needed to communicate with native speakers of other languages took root in native English before others. This was due to the frequency of their use and the need to adapt the language to new conditions.
Later, a period of a different development of the language came and the key source of replenishment of the English language was no longer borrowing, but it cannot be argued that borrowings did not take place in the development of the English language and further in a number of other things.
After a period of borrowing, they again turn out to be key sources of replenishment of the language.
Throughout the history of the English language, borrowings have occupied either a key or a secondary position in the development of the English language. This is because the relevance of borrowing as a way to replenish the lexical composition of the language depends on the historical factors of contact of English culture, the English language with the cultures of other peoples and other languages. In history, there were periods of complete isolation of the English-speaking countries.
A modern picture of the accessibility and popularity of the English language.
English is one of the most popular languages in the world. It is on the list of international languages. In most countries, English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in schools and/or kindergartens.
Due to the development of infrastructure around the world, people from all over the world are intertwined with each other, contact and have a mutual influence on language structures (for example, words in English are now actively used by Russian-speaking people in everyday life).
Due to these factors, it is easy to assume that now the percentage of borrowed words in the English language is growing much faster than before, and this is true, but this is by no means the main source of replenishment of the English language at the present stage.
At the present stage, due to such a high prevalence of the English language, words borrowed from English appear more often in others, but not vice versa.
The role of extralinguistic ways of replenishing the lexical composition of the language in the development of the English language at the present stage.
As previously mentioned: extralinguistic ways of replenishing the language are closely related to the development of science and technology.
There have been several periods of active development of science and technology in history. All such periods are due to leaps in the development of civilization, due to major discoveries, and each of them brought new layers of lexical meanings to each of the languages. So with the advent of electricity, automobiles and other similar innovations, entire layers of words and phrases gradually enter into the everyday life of mankind, which, of course, makes a great contribution to the development of the language as a whole.
We are currently living in one of those times. In 1642, Blaise Pascal presents the Pascalina, the first mechanical digital computing device to be actually realized and gained fame. The prototype device added and subtracted five-digit decimal numbers. Pascal made more than ten such calculators, with the latest models operating on numbers with eight decimal places. This gave impetus to development and later, in 1958, N. P. Brusentsov with a group of like-minded people built the first ternary computer with a positional symmetrical ternary number system "Setun". This brought into the English language such words as "computer", "electronic computer", "electronic brain", "robot" and others.
In the future, computers have gradually entered our daily lives, and this branch of technology is still developing. In the same period, telephones came into use: first at home - landlines, then mobile phones. What we use now would be more correct to call not a telephone, but a portable computer. The active development of technology for this period has provoked an incredibly rapid introduction of technical terms into our lives.
So we can no longer imagine our life without such words as “Wi-Fi”, “laptop” - “Laptop”, “keyboard” - “keyboard”, “(computer) mouse” - “mouse” (meaning computer mouse) and others. These words are not native or borrowed, they simply entered the language from different areas related to the technologies that come into use, due to necessity.
In the case of the word "(computer) mouse", there was a complete rethinking of the meaning and its addition to the original meaning of the word - "mouse" (animal).
"Wi-Fi" is an acronym for "Wireless Fidelity" and is also the name of the Wi-Fi Alliance's largest brand name for wireless computer networks. This brand is engaged in testing the equipment of companies that supply us with what we used to call the simple word "Wi-Fi".
There are a huge number of such examples, which confirms the importance of the role of extralinguistic ways of replenishing the lexical composition of the language in the development of the English language at the present stage.
Based on the development of science and technology, the English language not only includes new terms, abbreviations, concepts; but already accepted lexemes are developed.
Modern English is characterized by simplification of pronunciation and abbreviation of the names of various objects and phenomena. With the advent of new technologies, new areas have appeared that affect the development of the language.
And the brightest representative of course is the Internet and computer communication.
The influence is noticeable at different levels of the language system: at the lexical level, a huge number of specialized vocabulary appears (“chat”, “online”, “skype”, “web-camera”, “to google”, etc.), or ordinary words are deformed, and are more often abbreviated or syllabled in order to adjust them to the peculiarities of network communication (“lol”, “imho”, “u” and the like).
At the syntactic level, the construction of sentences and messages (“u?” - “And you?”) Is simplified or broken, layers of the lexical composition of sentences are replaced with ordinary pictures.
Now it is possible to isolate the language of communication by means of Internet communications into a separate dialect due to the number of changes brought by this communication to the English language.
SMS communication. It is safe to say that this type of communication is at the stage of extinction. Due to the widespread availability of wi-fi, it is more convenient for people to use messages via the Internet.
Due to the gradual extinction, and also because of the similarity of the type of communication, its features with communication via the Internet; we do not need to consider in detail the influence of this sphere of communication. The only thing I note is that the impact is about the same as in the case of communication via the Internet, only without the inclusion of borrowing.
Next, we will consider the influence of scientific, technical, political spheres (discourses). In the era of absolute accessibility of any information, scientific, technical and political terms began to enter the language and assimilate with it especially quickly. existing (for example, the word "amercement" - "sanction").
When a language exists in conditions of constant progress, active popularization of science and frequent changes in the political arena, the development and replenishment of the lexical composition becomes inevitable. More and more words and terms are getting a rethinking of their meaning, its expansion or, conversely, narrowing. English is especially popular at the present stage, which means that it is exposed to this phenomenon more often than other languages (due to the number of areas of use).
In the course of the work, common sources and ways of replenishing the language as a lexical unit were investigated. The historical periods of the development of the English language are studied, the ways of replenishment of the English language, characteristic for each period, are highlighted. And also a list of ways to replenish the lexical composition, characteristic of the English language in general, has been formed.
In accordance with the present period, the most relevant ways and sources of replenishment of the English language were identified, namely: borrowings and ways of extralinguistic replenishment of the lexical composition of the language.
However, I cannot consider my hypothesis confirmed. Yes, borrowing certainly plays a big role in the development of the language, but this method was most relevant during the formation of the English language. Namely, in the Old English period. In the context of constantly developing technologies, in the period of modern English, the main way to replenish it is still rethinking already known words, changing the denotation itself and euphemia. In this regard, the sources of replenishment of the English language can be called the English language itself, scientific and technological progress, as well as the terminology associated with it.