Smart Border 0 Avoiding a hard border on the island of Ireland for Customs control and the free movement of persons

Value
a₎

Canada to US^76	269,984
US to Canada	289,248

Notes:
a. CAD/EUR and USD/EUR exchange rates based on European Central Bank, Euro foreign exchange reference rates, average for 2016



71
^72.United States Government, US Embassy Canada, FACT SHEET: United States-Canada Relationship, https://ca.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-united-states-canada-relationship/, accessed 20 October 2017.
73
⁷⁴ Moens A and Gabler -
Relations, August 2012.
⁷⁵ Government of Canada, Public Safety Canada, 2015 Beyond the Border Implementation Report, September 2016
⁷⁶ Statistics Canada, Canada's merchandise trade with the United States by state, 19 June 2017.
The economies of the US and Canada are highly integrated, with intra-firm trade across the US-Canada border accounting for 32% of the value of traded goods⁷⁷.


It is estimated that more than five million trucks cross the US-Canada border each year⁷⁸. Eleven major crossings in the Ontario (CN) Michigan (US) New York (US) corridor have an average of more than 570,000 two-way truck crossings each month⁷⁹.

Table 11: (2016) Average monthly two-way truck crossings selected border crossings