Sirtqi bo’lim 2 kurs barcha yo’nalishlar uchun ingliz tili fanidan O’quv-uslubiy qo’llanma farg‘ona – 2022 «improve your english»

The Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Union Jack or United Flag is the flag of the United Kingdom. This is the flag of the United Kingdom since Ireland and Britain were united in 1801. It consists of the red cross that can symbolize Saint (avliyo) George.
It is on the white ground and the white diagonal cross (krest ) (of Saint Andrew) on a blue ground. White ground symbolizes England and the blue means Scotland. Besides them there is one more red cross of Saint Patrick on a white ground which is a symbol of Ireland but Wales is not symbolized on the flag. There was another flag long time ago, which was much simpler than the present one. But that flag symbolized only England and Scotland. The flag Jack was the flag of Britain during all the time when Britain was the Queen of the seas. Jack is the nautical (dengiz) term for a flag.
Speaking.
The cities of Great Britain.
London is the capital of England and of Great Britain. It is situated on the Thames. (Temza daryosi).
In Roman times it was named Londinium and was already a centre. Today it has about 9 million people.
The city of London is about one square mile in area. It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange (o’z ichiga oladi). Then there is the County of London (London grafligi). But London has many other faces.
There is the West End. It is the shopping and entertaining centre (savdo, qiziqarli markaz). Here you can see the Houses of Parliament, built in the 13^th century on the Banks of the Thames. The other part of the city is the End East. Working class is centered there. It is industrialized and there are many docks (doklar) there. One can see 10, Dowing Street there, the official residence of the Prime Minister (rezidensiya – yashash joyi). Close to the House of Parliament Westminster Abbey stands, built in the 14^th century (Westminster Abbatligi). It is an old fine building. Many kings and queens were crowned there and many great men, writers, scientists, explorers were buried (toj kiyishgan, kashfiyotchilar ko’milgan).
London has many places of interest: the tower of London, built in the 12^th century (minora). Hyde Park, many old castles, palaces, the London Bridge, the underground, the Trafalgar Square, Big Ben, Picadilly Circus, the British Museum, Covent Garden opera house, the National gallery, Highgate Cemetery and other places (Gayd Park, qasrlar, saroylar, Xayget qabristoni).
On Sundays orators come to Hyde Park. There people exchanged information, speak freely about what they want (nimani xohlasalar erkin gaplashadilar). London Bridge is the only bridge across the river Thames. And it is narrow too with shops, houses on each side of it (tor). For more than 600 years only London Bridge serviced the Londoners (londonliklar). Then another one – Westminster Bridge was built.
London’s underground is best for its quickest way to get about London (tez yurish transporti). But the stations are not so beautifully decorated as they are in our country.
There is a slot machine to get tickets, an escalator, and a poster map in the underground (bilet olish avtomati, yo’l ko’rsatkich).
The Trafalgar Square is the centre of London. It is large, impressive and the most beautiful place in London. Here you can see Nelson Column (General Nelson kolonnasi).
The traffic is heavy in London (ko’cha harakati). There are many cars, lorries, buses, two-storied buses, double-deckers, coaches (2 qavatli avtobuslar, izvoshlar, aravalar). In the Parliament Square we can see Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. Big Ben is the name of the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament (minora soatining qo’ng’irog’i). big Ben is the nickname of Sir Benjamin, chief Commisloner of work (taxallusi, mehnat ministri). It has four faces. (tomonlari). Each face is 7,50 in diameter, the figure – 60 cm, the minute hand – 4,26m (raqam, minut strelkasi). The Great Bell strikes hours (katta qo’ng’iroqlar har soatda bong uradi). Big Ben weighs 13,5 tons. The British Museum is old and well known all over the world. It has many ancient thing and an outstanding library. There you can find manuscripts of poets, writers even Uzbek poets, writers (qo’lyozmalar). It library is the richest library in the world: it has 6 million books.
The British Museum was founded in 1759. London has also the National Gallery founded in 1824, the Tate Gallery in 1827, the Scotland queen Gallery in 1854.