Silk road” International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage Tourism Management Faculty Graduation Project Topic

CONCLUSION
Comparison of tourism potential of Turkey and Uzbekistan
The geography Turkey is located at and the heritages from the different civilizations of the region and the cultural heritage having the quality to attract foreign and domestic tourists were expressed as a strong aspect. The number of the sunny days in Turkey and clean beaches in Turkey as a tourism resource as well as creeks, lakes and mountain areas suitable for sports were expressed as strong aspects. Compared to Uzbek tourist destinations, in Uzbekistan, the touristic cultural assets although great in number are weak in terms of their being open to visits. The mentioned values were taken under protection by the state and private organizations where the tourism demand is high and relevant arrangements were made and it was also expressed that although they were open to tourism visits, since all of them were not protected well and also not properly promoted. This was determined as a weakness for Uzbekistan to be developed. In Uzbekistan another weakness was the openness of the destinations for alternative tourism for use and their lack of support in terms of usage which was also expressed as a weakness. But in Turkey the cultural and the natural resources were under protection by means of the long term policies and they were open to touristic visits and it was also expressed that the presentations were properly made.
The railways in Turkey are seen as inefficient ways of communication where no benefit can be obtained in major cities excluding the underground and it is insufficient for tourism. The trains are very old and lack quality and the railway web is weak and it is not integrated with other transportation systems. On the contrary Turkey, in Uzbekistan, the railways can be found only in Tashkent and Samarkand and they are not well qualified especially in Samarkand as well as they cannot provide internet (free wifi). Actually, public transportation should go through touristic attractions and historical places, but in Samarkand the train drives other parts of the city. Although busses pass through monuments and historic building while they have not air conditioning and this affects not only outbound but also inbound tourism.
It was seen that an integrated structure based on accommodation, travel, food and beverages and entertainment exists in Uzbek tourism sector. The structuring in question is strong in the regions where the tourism demand is high whereas it is weak in the regions where there is demand for tourism however the investments cannot be implemented. This causes the differences of development between the regions and causes the national demand to give failure in internal regions. On the contrary Uzbekistan, in Turkey the existence of a tourism structure spread all over the country encompassing many accommodation, entertainment and restaurant businesses was defined as one of the powerful sides to the Turkish tourism however its lack of innovative approach, negative effects of the current economic crisis and the structure with few new investments are expressed as its weak sides.
When we have a look at the general situation in Turkey, Mediterranean and Aegean regions, Cappadocia and Istanbul have been stated to be destinations which have become brands from the point of view of domestic and foreign markets as well as they play main role in tourism sector. In those regions there are huge potentials for sphere of tourism and open to investors. There are many huge mountains and lakes together with rivers, ports, sunny beaches that can attract tourists annually. In contrast, Uzbekistan has also potential of tourist destinations mainly in mountains in the country which is not well integrated with cities.
One of the strongest sides of Turkey, which determines its success in the tourism industry, is its climatic and natural features, favorable for the development of various types of tourism: both the main type of tourism for Turkey - bathing and beach recreation, and skiing, health-improving and others.
Another important advantage of Turkey in the tourism industry is the country's richest cultural and historical heritage. The crossroads of European and Asian civilizations, a country with a long history and ancient traditions, which are told about relics and monuments of different eras, shrines of Christianity and Islam, has a good foundation for the development of cultural, educational and religious tourism. There are 11 UNESCO World Heritage Sites on the territory. Turkey's weak point in the competition in the international tourism market is the insufficiently high quality of services provided, associated not only with insufficient qualifications of personnel at tourism enterprises, but also with the safety of tourists, which is one of the most important priorities in tourism. According to the OECD, 59% of the adult population in Turkey (aged 26 to 64) has no more than four years of education, which is equivalent to primary school by Turkish standards. 11% of Turkish citizens graduated from only secondary school, 18% of the lyceum and only 12% have higher education, including vocational. In connection with this situation, the government of the country has set the task of improving the quality of qualifications of workers in the tourism industry, which requires transformations in the training system for the tourism industry. To improve the safety of tourists in the country, the Turkish authorities are taking a number of specific measures, for example, the creation of a tourist police, the opening of a 24-hour Tourist Assistance Center and call centers, but many problems remain.
Despite the fact that more and more attention is paid to the promotion of various directions and diversification of products, the undoubted weak point in the development of tourism in Turkey is the stereotype that has developed over the years "Turkey is the sun, the sea, the beach."
Another advantage of Turkish tourism is that the use of as much information technology as possible and the widespread use of information technology in almost all activities contribute to the development of the organization, facilitate the work of staff and, most importantly, the valuable time of tourists. important in saving. In general, as information technology enters our lives more widely, it makes people's problems easier and saves valuable time. These two factors are of great importance in tourism. After all, every tourist who travels first of all faces a number of difficulties in terms of time and travel planning. In solving such problems, information technology plays the role of first aid for every tourist. Therefore, the National Company "Uzbektourism" should focus primarily on the use of information technology and its application in the entire tourist region. Turkey attracts tourists for many different types of tourism such as congress, winter and nature tourism. However, main attractions of Turkey are the beach and cultural tourism. Beach Tourism is Turkey’s main attraction for incoming tourists. Top destinations for beach tourism in Turkey are Aegean and Mediterranean costs with cities such as Antalya, Muğla and İzmir. Cultural & religious tourism is also important for Turkish tourism.
On the contrary Turkey, in Uzbekistan is one of the key countries on Silk Road, has cultural and natural resources such as mountains, steppes, lakes and religious attraction. The country has 4 cultural attractions in the UNESCO World Heritage List which are, Historic Center of Bukhara, Historic Center of Shakhrisyabz, Itchan Kala and Samarkand Crossroad of Cultures. Uzbekistan is considered to be a country with competitive advantage in the tourism sector, comparing with neighboring countries. Despite of having a great tourism potential, due to lack of proper promotion, insufficient funds and perceived negative image, Uzbekistan is not an important tourism destination in the world tourism arena. Lack of a unified tourism policy and strategy are urgent issues that stand in front of tourism development.