Sh. A. Nuraliyeva Fargona-2021

FENCING

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Fencing (from germ. Fechten - to fight, to struggle) is a kind of sport, single duel in threedisciplines: rapier, caber, sword; rapier and sword for females.
Light and supple rapier once was used only for training. In fights with rapiers touches of the rival's body by the end of it are counted as points. Sword is a double-edged duel weapon. Blows are supposed to be made with the edge of it; touches to any part of a body are counted as points. Caber: blows are only upwards from waist as it used to exist once in fights on horses.
The touch to the rival's body is determined by a judge and with the help of electric fixative. In the rapier fight only pricks to the body are allowed, in sword fight - to any part of the body except unprotected back of the head. Fights are held on the fencing path of 14 meters in length and 1.8-2 meters in width. Sportsmen wear thin jackets covered with metallized fabric, masks with metal net and a glove on the armored hands.
International Fencing Federation (IFF) founded in 1913 unites 108 national federations (by 2002).
First contest of fencing was held in late XIX century. A large international tournament was took place in Budapest in 1986.
First international fencing rules were adopted by IFF in 1914. And in 1919 they were published.
Fencing as a kind of sport was included in the Olympic Games from 1896 at first it was only single, and since 1904 also team leadership.


WATER POLO

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Water polo is sport similar to soccer. Two teams in a pool try to score by throwing or pushing a hollow rubber ball into the opponent’s goal. One point is scored for each goal. Water polo is one of the roughest sports because the players kick and wrestle or sometimes hold an opponent’s head under the water, though such actions are against the rules.
Men’s water polo is played in an area that measure from 20 to 30 meters long and 18 to 20 meters wide. Women’s matches are played in an area no larger those 25 by 17 meters. The goals are 3 meters wide and usually 9 meters above the water.
A team consists of a goalie and six field players. The goalie can handle the ball with both hands, but the field players may use only one hand at a time. Players move the ball by passing it or swimming with it. Each time a team gets the ball, it has 35 seconds to try to score. If it does not shoot the ball at the goal within that time, the other team gets the ball.
If a player commits a minor foul, the other team is given three seconds to pass the ball without opposition. When a major foul is committed, the player must leave the game- without a substitute- for 45 seconds or until a goal is scored. Even more serious foul results in a penalty throw, in which an opposing player shoots at the goal with only the goalie defending it.
Men’s games are 28 minutes long and are divided into 7- minute quarters. Women’s matches last 24 minutes and are divided into 6- minute quarters. Water polo originated in England in the 1870’s.
similar- o’xshash,;to
push - turtmoq , itarmoq ; She pushed him into the water
a hollow rubber ball - dam berilgan rezina to’p;
rough - qo’pol; They are rough boys,
hold - ushlamoq , tutmoq;
to commit - ko’rsatmoq;
to defend - himoya qilmoq; The goalkeeper may stand to defend his goal,
substitute – zahira ;