Second edition

Goal/Target (aim for learners or teachers)
Try and personalise tasks to make them relevant Set up several specific learning goals for the learners Encourage the learners to set goals and work towards them Do a needs analysis of the learners’ goals and needs
Culture	Make learners familiar with the cultural background of the language they are learning Invite native speakers to some classes Find penfriends for your learners

(adapted from 'Ten commandments for motivating language learners: results of an empirical study' by Z. Dbrnyei and K. Csizer, Language Teaching Research, Hodder Arnold 1998}


Some of these strategies will work better in some learning contexts than others.
For example, with young learners, it can be very helpful to give praise and positive feedback as well as bring examples of the culture into the classroom. Some classes may love games and competition while others may react badly to them. The teacher can choose from the list the strategies for motivating students that are likely to work best for their learners in their learning context.
See Units 31-33 for how motivation Influences classroom management

1. 
   Here are some classroom activities. Which areas of motivation from the table above do you think they put into practice?
   

A Reading with the class a story about a social networking site because you know many of them love using these sites.
В Only teaching 10 new words in one lesson rather than the 20 suggested in the coursebook.
C Arranging to talk to a learner after a class about problems they are having with group work.
D Giving learners some websites for making school partnership penfriends.
E Giving learners a test: which you know they will, do well in.
F Putting smiley faces © on learners' homework even when it's not very good.
G Asking learners which activity they would prefer to do in their next lesson.
H Planning a series of short activities for your lesson rather than two long ones.

1. 
   Showing learners TV programmes about studying in an English-speaking country. J Giving a demonstration of a role-play the learners are going to do.
   

К Returning homework as quickly as possible and including helpful advice on it.

2. 
   Are there any strategies you would like to add to the list above?
   

5S

Module i