Scientific progress volume ǀ issue ǀ

 
ABSTRACT 
This article provides information on the magnetic properties of substances. 
Materials with and without magnetic properties, as well as general condition data. There 
is an understanding and skills of the magnetic properties of paramagnets and 
ferromagnetic alloys, how they change under the influence of external magnetic flux. 
Keywords:
magnetic properties, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, temperature, 
dipoles, external magnetic field. 
All 
matter
exhibits magnetic properties when placed in an external magnetic field. 
Even substances like 
copper
and aluminum that are not normally thought of as having 
magnetic properties are affected by the presence of a magnetic field such as that 
produced by either pole of a bar magnet. [1] Depending on whether there is an attraction 
or repulsion by the pole of a magnet, matter is classifiable as being either paramagnetic 
or diamagnetic, respectively. A few materials, notably iron, show a very large attraction 
toward the pole of a permanent bar magnet; materials of this kind are calling 
ferromagnetic. 
In 1845, Faradey became the first to classify substances as either diamagnetic or 
paramagnetic. He based this classification on his observation of the 
force
exerted on 
substances in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. At moderate field strengths, the 
magnetization 
M
of a substance is linearly proportional to the strength of the applied 
field 
H
. The magnetization is specified by the magnetic susceptibility 
χ
(previously 
labeled 
χ
m
), defined by the relation 
M
= 
χ
H
. A sample of volume 
V
placed in a 
field 
H
directed in the 
x
-direction and increasing in that direction at a rate 
d