Scientific ideas of young scientists | Pomysły naukowe młodych naukowców |
Научные идеи молодых ученых
47
November 2020
MEDICAL SCIENCES
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE
CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS
Devyatov A.V.,
Abdullajanov B.R.,
Nashanov M.F.,
Rakhmanov B.B.
Andijan State Medical Institute
Despite the advances in modern surgery, many surgeons still
prefer a wide laparotomic
approach in urgent surgery of acute calculous cholecystitis. However, as the results of numerous
studies have shown, most of the postoperative complications are due precisely to the traumatic nature
of the access used.
We have analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 786 patients
with acute calculous
cholecystitis who were hospitalized in the clinic of the Department of Surgical Diseases of ASMI.
All patients were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 294 (37.4%)
patients
who used the standard active-expectant tactics of treating patients with acute calculous cholecystitis
and its complications. Oblique incisions in the right hypochondrium were used in 137 patients, in 48
patients the operation was performed through the upper median laparotomy, and in 109 patients
laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed.
The main group consisted of 492 (62.6%) patients who used active tactics, which consisted in
the following: if conservative therapy was ineffective during the day,
the question of surgical
intervention was raised. The complex of therapeutic measures included the use of minilaparotomic
access for isolated acute cholecystitis.
Oblique minilaparotomy was used in 80.5% of patients. In patients with choledocholithiasis,
if it was necessary to intervene on the choledochus, the minilaparotomic incision was expanded.
In order to decompress the biliary tract and resolve the phenomena of cholangitis in 74
patients, the operation was completed with external drainage of the common bile duct, including in
27 according to the Vishnevsky method, in 33 according to Halstead and in 14 according to Keru.
Drainage tubes were removed on the 7-15th day in 15 patients, and in 49 - on the 16-21th day after
the operation.
Great importance in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was given to changes in the wall of
the gallbladder. In 73.8% of patients, a thickening of the wall from 4 mm to 1.2 cm was noted. At the
same time, a decrease in the echo density of the wall was noted on the echograms,
and the outer
contour looked blurred.
Another reliable sign of acute cholecystitis was considered to be a low-density hypoechoic
band surrounding the gallbladder, the so-called “double circuit” symptom, found in 42.4% of patients,
the width of this band ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 cm. Of 95 patients with this destructive cholecystitis
was revealed in 82% during the operation. Only 11.6% of patients with destructive cholecystitis did
not have this symptom.
In our patients, we use the oblique minilaparotomy technique: an incision up to 8 cm long is
made parallel to the right costal arch and 2-3 cm below the latter. Start the incision 4-5 cm to the right
of the midline of the abdomen. We dissect the skin, subcutaneous tissue. Hemostasis. Along the
course of the wound, we dissect the anterior sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle (up to 3-4 cm)
and the external oblique muscle up to 4 cm.The rectus abdominis muscle is pushed medially with the
Farabef hook and the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle (up to 3 cm) together with the
peritoneum is dissected ... Then the internal oblique and transverse muscles of the abdomen along the
muscle fibers are exfoliated in a sharp and blunt way and we open the abdominal cavity. Insert an