SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY
193
UDC 330
Oralova Saltanat Shorabekovna
Doctoral student of 2 courses in the educational program "Economics"
University "Turan", Republic of Kazakhstan
WORLD EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING THE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET
Abstract. The article presents Fundamental schemes and national models of regulation
of natural monopolies in the telecommunications sphere. Also, the goals of
telecommunications policy are determined depending on state characteristics. He
describes the models of development of the telecommunications sector of the economy
in various countries and considers the forms of telecommunications development in
Kazakhstan.
Keywords: information services, development model, telecommunications sector,
public policy.
The growing need for information services should be ensured by the effective
organization of access to world information
resources, the increase in the intensity of
information exchange between the subjects of telecommunication relations - telecom
operators, Internet service providers, information providers, users.
The goals of the state's telecommunications policy in each individual country,
depending on the level of development of the national communications industry, social
and
legislative environment, may vary. But there are a number of universal, state-
independent requirements that state intervention in telecommunications should focus
on improving telecommunications infrastructure, improving the efficiency of the
telecommunications sector, ensuring the high quality of
services and protecting the
public interest, the rule of law and the principle of good governance.
Experts in the field of info-communications note that in order to achieve the
general goals of telecommunications policy, the legislative bodies must create a model
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that can clearly define the regulatory functions, procedures and decision-making
process, outline the powers of the regulatory body on four main issues:
•regulation of conditions of operators entering the market of telecommunication
services;
• technical regulation of allocation, distribution and monitoring of frequencies and
number resources, certification of equipment and standardization policies;
•regulation of operators in the market to ensure fair competition and compliance
with antitrust laws, user protection, price control and quality of services;
•control over compliance with license conditions and requirements of regulatory
documents of state bodies regulating the sphere of communication.
The listed regulatory functions mean that state intervention in the
telecommunications sector in the new conditions should be based, in our opinion, on a
transparent and consistent telecommunications policy, the impossibility of influencing
the interests of an individual operator on regulatory policies in the industry, the non-
discrimination of
individual operators or users, the creation of the possibility of
applying adequate sanctions for violations of current legislation, taking into account
the economic and social consequences of such actions.
As the experience of world economic development shows, until the 1980s. In
almost all countries with a developed market economy, the evolution of the
communications industry was carried out within the framework of a public (private)
regulated monopoly in the absence of any competition within the complex. The
general tendency to eliminate monopoly in the field of communication services began
to take shape only in the mid-1980s. The basic principles
of telecommunications
regulation during the transition from monopoly to competition were formulated in
1997 by the Advisory Group of the World Trade Organization (WTO). However,
despite the fact that state regulation plays a decisive role in the economic mechanism
of the functioning of telecommunications in developed countries, the largest national
companies are still quite successfully retaining their markets, flexibly adapting to the
new regulations.
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It can be considered that the current mechanism of state regulation in the field of
telecommunications combines stimulation of competition with strict state control of
the most important indicators of the performance of telecommunications enterprises.
At the same time, not so much the degree of state supervision changes, but the very
forms of regulation of the industry. Consequently, the state continues to manage the
strategic directions of the development of the communications industry, but already
with the help of indirect methods of influence.
In the
context of this study, as well as in terms of possible practical adaptation to
the Kazakh conditions, models of state participation in the control of the
telecommunications sphere in the USA,
Great Britain, Germany, France, Norway,
Belgium, China and other countries are of particular interest. The essence of these
models of regulation of natural monopolies is described below (Table 1).
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