Science and education scientific journal

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar

1. Alisher Navoiy, Mukammal asarlar to’plami - Toshkent. Fan.1990,540-bet.

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THE ROLE OF FOLK PROVERBS IN NAVOI POETRY
Toshquvatova Mashhura

SamSU
Abstract: This article is devoted to the use of folk proverbs in the poetry of Alisher Navoi. In the classical literature of the East, works based on ideas that call people to education and morality have been created, and the use of folk proverbs in such works is of great importance. In particular, the use of folk proverbs is common in Navoi's work, which serves to reveal the essence of the works and increase their effectiveness.

Keywords: Folklore, written literature, individual, proverb, wisdom, byte.
It is known that poetry affects the psyche and upbringing of a person. In the individual, the creators express their moral-educational, philosophical views in a concise and concise form. Therefore, the didactic and philosophical spirit prevails in it. It is this formal, semantic-spiritual aspect that makes them look a little closer to folk proverbs. However, proverbs are often unique in that they express ideas in a way that is either similar, comparable, or completely contradictory, divided into internal logical poles (by constructing them in a comparative aspect of good and evil). reaches

Expressing a big idea in a short form, of course, requires a high level of talent from the author. Therefore, individuals often use short and concise proverbs, which have risen to the level of wisdom after centuries of life experience of the people. In general, the use of folk proverbs in works of art creates the art of parable art. This art is a concise and concise, artistically mature depiction of the idea, as well as helps the reader to accept the idea expressed in the poem without objection. stands out.

1. 
   To give an exact proverb in accordance with the content of poetic verses: High evil angakim, enters the evil hand,
   

Look at the first thing that strikes the bone between the coals.

"Whoever walks with the wicked will be harmed. He who touches coal will have

black hands. "

While criticizing those who approached the "evil hand" in person, Navoi quotes two folk proverbs in two verses to confirm his opinion. These are: "He who walks with evil will be harmed" and "He who touches coal will be blackened." These proverbs are variants of the folk proverb "If you approach the cauldron, it will be better". The combination of two proverbs is called Irsal ul-masalayin.

In some parts of the poet, the proverbs are quoted in the second verse of the verse. A single verse emerged as a thesis of the poet's philosophical views. Of course, in this case, the poet tries to reconcile his opinion with the idea put forward in the

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article. As a result, his opinion is limited, albeit slightly. However, Navoi used proverbs to justify his opinion.

They will not die together, my friend.

Whoever catches the ends of two ships will drown.

The proverb "Two ships will sink if they hold their heads" is quoted in Fard. This proverb, which is addressed to those who have taken the lead in a number of cases for the sake of greater gain, and who have been deprived of both, has the same meaning in the above person. One end of the ship is the world, the other end is the ocean. The material world, the eternal world, the hereafter. If we approach the views of the great poet from the point of view of mystical philosophy, his purpose becomes clear. It is clear from the poet's philosophical views that the status of difference is glorified, that the world and the world have no value for the real difference, and, most importantly, the idea of gaining the approval of Allah.

In the following person, only a part of the proverbs "Do not blame anyone, there are many who blame you", "Do not take your eyes off your own guilt, do not look at the guilt of others" are placed in the verses:

Do not confess your guilt,

Taammul ayla is your own fault.

It should be noted that in the first verse only the parts of the proverb "Do not blame anyone", in the second verse "Do not take your eyes off your own guilt" serve the poet's ideological intentions. As a result, the contamination of the synonymous folk proverb took place.

2. 
   Another literary idea is the creative assimilation of proverbs, which is the result of the creative assimilation of ideas put forward in the literature. In such literary events, created in the form of an individual, the content of the proverb is embedded in the essence of the verses:
   

Yoghurt is not a non-cash means of storage.

The crop did not die until I tore the mountain to pieces.

There is a popular saying: "If you do not climb the mountain, where is the hawthorn, if you do not die, where is the hawk." This article advocates that man cannot achieve his goal without difficulty. The proverb is not quoted in person, only its content is preserved. The part of the proverb "If you do not climb the mountain" is given to the individual in the form of "I will not tear the mountain to pieces", the part "Where is the hawthorn" is given in the form "dumb dumb crop". So, this proverb was the ideological basis for the emergence of Navoi's wisdom: An idea is put forward in proverbs and wisdom. Here you can observe the phenomenon of illusion. Because the presence of the word "mountain" can give the meaning of the proverb "If you do not climb, where is the hawthorn, if you do not die, where is the hawk." The proverb "Two ships will sink if they hold their heads" is quoted in Fard. This proverb,

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which is addressed to those who have taken the lead in a number of cases for the sake of greater gain, and who have been deprived of both, has the same meaning in the above person. One end of the ship is the world, the other end is the ocean. The material world, the eternal world, the hereafter. If we approach the views of the great poet from the point of view of mystical philosophy, his purpose becomes clear. It is clear from the poet's philosophical views that the status of difference is glorified, that the world and the world have no value for the real difference, and, most importantly, the idea of gaining the approval of Allah.

In the following person, only a part of the proverbs "Do not blame anyone, there are many who blame you", "Do not take your eyes off your own guilt, do not look at the guilt of others" are placed in the verses:

Do not confess your guilt,

Taammul ayla is your own fault.

It should be noted that in the first verse only the parts of the proverb "Do not blame anyone", in the second verse "Do not take your eyes off your own guilt" serve the poet's ideological intentions. As a result, the contamination of the synonymous folk proverb took place.

2. 
   Another literary idea is the creative assimilation of proverbs, which is the result of the creative assimilation of ideas put forward in the literature. In such literary events, created in the form of an individual, the content of the proverb is embedded in the essence of the verses:
   

Yoghurt is not a non-cash means of storage.

The crop did not die until I tore the mountain to pieces.

There is a popular saying: "If you do not climb the mountain, where is the hawthorn, if you do not die, where is the hawk." This article advocates that man cannot achieve his goal without difficulty. The proverb is not quoted in person, only its content is preserved. The part of the proverb "If you do not climb the mountain" is given to the individual in the form of "I will not tear the mountain to pieces", the part "Where is the hawthorn" is given in the form "dumb dumb crop". So, this proverb was the ideological basis for the emergence of Navoi's wisdom: An idea is put forward in proverbs and wisdom. Here you can observe the phenomenon of illusion. Because the presence of the word "mountain" can give the meaning of the proverb "If you do not climb, where is the hawthorn, if you do not die, where is the hawk."

Do not die unaware, if you look carefully, When the candle goes out, is the wind visible?

There are a number of proverbs among the people, such as "Even if you forget the trap, the trap will not forget you", "Do not believe in the redness of the apple, the friendship of the enemy", "Even if you have a brother, do not say I have no enemy" It is necessary to die. It should be noted that this idea was also propagated in Navoi.

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That is, "If the enemy does not appear to you, do not be ignorant." In the second verse, a proverb is used to confirm the idea: "When the candle is extinguished, the wind is not visible." This wisdom can be considered as a beautiful example of poetic wisdom.

If we look at Navoi's individuals, we see that they used not only proverbs, but also ready-made epic clichés from folk tales:

Belu's mouth, they said, is not a legend,

I began: "Once upon a time, once upon a time."

We know that Uzbek folk tales usually begin with a traditional beginning in the form of "Once upon a time, once upon a time." Alisher Navoi skillfully used this element of folk tales and played a word game. That is, he said, "Tell a legend from the description of the lover. He said, 'Once upon a time, once upon a time.' In this case, the poet used a play on words from the introduction to folk tales to exaggerate the beauty of the lover, and achieved a unique figurative interpretation. The lover's mouth and waist are so delicate that those who saw him were able to tell whether they were in doubt or not.

It should be noted that this or that proverb has an aesthetic effect on the poet's artistic thinking, and this influence also leads to the emergence of "pands" from the thinking of the creator, which are useful to mankind. A similar situation can be seen in the above individual.

The wise image of the poet is reflected in the eyes of the reader who reads Navoi's verses of wisdom. If in the articles the ideas on morality in human education are presented in a simple, clear in content, concise form, Alisher Navoi tried to express them figuratively, pleasantly and effectively.

In short, the immortal ideas of the folklore are the source of Alisher Navoi's work. The poet's lyrics are a living poetry, famous for its taste and closeness to the people.