CONGENITAL DISEASES
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Eichenfeld p.92, 2001
Harlequin color change – neonatal vasomotor instability;
occurs days 2–5 lasting 30 seconds to 20 minutes; increased
prostaglandin E1;
Ped Derm 21:573–576, 2004; Eichenfeld
p.97, 2001; Lancet 263:1005–1007, 1952
Nevus simplex (capillary ectasias) – glabella, eyelids, nose,
upper lip, nape of neck
Eichenfeld p.100, 2001
Spinal dysraphism with overlying port wine stain
AD 114:573–577,
1978; AD 112:1724–1728, 1976
DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
Sympathetic nerve dystrophy – erythema
Rook p.2780, 1998,
Sixth Edition
DRUGS
Colchicine
BJD 150:581–588, 2004
Docataxel radiation recall reaction
BJD 153:674–675, 2005
Fixed drug eruption – mimicking cellulitis
NEJM 350:904–912,
2004
Injection
site reactions
JAAD 49:826–831, 2003
Prostacyclin (epoprostenol) – diffuse erythema with or
without mottling, exfoliation, or palpable purpura
JAAD
51:98–102, 2004
Retinoid dermatitis
EXOGENOUS AGENTS
Foreign body reaction (granuloma) – orthopedic implants
mimicking infectious cellulitis
Ann Intern Med 142:47–55, 2005;
Ann DV 123:686–690, 1996
Injection of ricin – infectious and toxic cellulitis
BJD 150:154, 2004
Irritant contact dermatitis
The
Clinical Management of Itching;
Parthenon; p.79, 2000
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS
Acanthamebiasis in AIDS
AD 131:1291–1296, 1995
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus – cellulitis
Medicine 56:79–97, 1977
Aeromonas hydrophila – cellulitis complicating injuries in fresh
water or soil
NEJM 350:904–912, 2004; Clin Inf Dis 19:77–83,
1994; Clin Inf Dis 16:79–84, 1993
Anaerobic myonecrosis – gas gangrene;
Clostridium
perfringens, septicum NEJM 350:904–912, 2004
Anthrax – confused with cellulitis
NEJM 350:904–912, 2004
Aspergillosis – primary cutaneous aspergillosis in premature
infants; red patch with pustules
Ped Derm 19:439–444, 2002
Bacillary angiomatosis –
intraoral red patch
Rook p.3057, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Candidiasis – intraoral red patch
Rook p.3057,3107, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Cellulitis
NEJM 350:904–912, 2004; Rook p.2293, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Periorbital cellulitis –
Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus,
group A streptococcus
Buccal cellulitis –
Haemophilus influenzae
Cellulitis complicating body piercing –
Staphylococcus
aureus, group A streptococcus
Mastectomy – non-group
A hemolytic streptococcus
Lumpectomy – non-group A hemolytic streptococcus
Harvest of saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass –
group A or non-group A hemolytic streptococcus
Liposuction – group A streptococcus, peptostreptococcus
Postoperative (very early) wound infection – group A
streptococcus
Injection drug user –
Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci
(groups A, C, F, G),
Enterococcus faecalis, viridans-group
streptococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, anaerobic
bacteria (
Bacteroides, Clostridium),
Enterobacteriaceae
Perianal cellulitis – group A streptococcus
Crepitant cellulitis – gas gangrene;
Clostridium perfringens,
septicum
Gangrenous cellulitis
Erythema migrans –
Borrelia burgdorferi
Paraplegia
Dog or cat bite –
Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus
aureus, S. intermedius, Neisseria canis, Haemophilus felix,
Capnocytophagia canimorsus, anaerobes
Human bites – Bacteroides species, peptostreptococci,
Eikenella
corrodens, viridans streptococci, Staphylococcus
aureus
Centipede bite – cellulitis-like
Chagas’ disease (reactivation post-transplant)
Cutis 48:37–40,
1991
Citrobacter diversus – cellulitis Cutis 61:158–159, 1998
Cryptococcosis – cellulitis
Cutis 72:320–322;2003; J Dermatol
30:405–410, 2003; Clin Inf Dis 33:700–705, 2001; Australas J
Dermatol 38:29–32, 1997; JAAD 32:844–850, 1995; Scand J
Infect Dis 26:623–626, 1994; Clin Inf Dis 16:826–827, 1993;
Clin Inf Dis 14:666–672, 1992; Int J Dermatol 29:41–44, 1990;
JAAD 17:329–332, 1987; Cutis 34:359–361, 1984
Dematiaceous fungal infections in organ transplant recipients
Alternaria
Bipolaris hawaiiensis
Exophiala jeanselmei, E. spinifera, E. pisciphera, E.castellani
Exserohilum rostratum
Fonsacaea pedrosoi
Phialophora parasitica
Echovirus 25,32 –
cherry spots
Tyring p.464, 2002
Ehrlichia chaffeensis – diffusely erythematous or morbilliform,
scattered petechiae or macules
Clin Inf Dis 33:1586–1594, 2001
Eikenella corrodens – cellulitis Clin Infect Dis 33:54–61, 2001
Erysipelothrix insidiosa NEJM 350:904–912, 2004
Erythrasma
Escherichia coli sepsis – rose spots
Fish stings – venomous fish; lesser weever fish, spiny dogfish,
stingray, scorpion fish, catfish, rabbit fish, stone fish, stargazers,
toadfish – erythema,
edema mimicking cellulitis
Rook p.1479,
1998, Sixth Edition
Fusarium – sepsis; red–gray macules JAAD 47:659–666, 2002;
Fusarium solanae – digital cellulitis Rook p.1375, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Glanders –
Pseudomonas mallei – cellulitis which ulcerates
with purulent foul-smelling discharge, regional lymphatics
become abscesses; nasal and palatal necrosis and destruction;
metastatic papules, pustules, bullae over joints and face, then
ulcerate; deep abscesses
with sinus tracts occur; polyarthritis,
meningitis, pneumonia
Rook p.1146–1147, 1998, Sixth Edition
Gnathostomiasis/paragonimus – migratory cellulitis-like
plaques
JAAD 33:825–828, 1995; JAAD 13:835–836, 1985;
AD 120:508–510, 1984
Haemophilus influenzae – facial cellulitis in children Am J Med
63:449, 1977
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