Schneiderman Prelims Vol-I. qxd

INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
Panniculitis
METABOLIC DISEASES
Adolescent gynecomastia 
NEJM 328:490–495, 1993
Adrenal disease – increased peripheral conversion of estrogen
Ghatan p.51, 2002, Second Edition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency 
J Endocrinol
Invest 10:127–129, 1987
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Estrogen excess
Gravid macromastia 
Plast Reconstr Surg 80:121–124, 1987
Hemochromatosis – liver disease 
Rook p.3152, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Hemodialysis 
NEJM 328:490–495, 1993; Ann Intern Med
69:67–72, 1968
Hyperthyroidism 
NEJM 328:490–495, 1993
Hypogonadism 
NEJM 328:490–495, 1993
Liver disease 
NEJM 328:490–495, 1993
Milk stasis during lactation 
JAMA 289:1609–1612, 2003
Obesity – pseudogigantomastia
Physiologic – birth – maternal estrogens; puberty in boys
JAMA 178:449–454, 1961; elderly men – testicular failure
Am J Med 77:633–635, 1984; obesity – increased aromatase
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:618–623, 1987; Am J Med
77:633–635, 1984
Starvation, cachexia, refeeding 
NEJM 328:490–495, 1993;
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41:60–69, 1975
Steroid-binding globulins increased – bilateral gynecomastia
JAAD 53:660–662, 2005
Steroid dehydrogenase deficiency 
Rook p.3152, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Testicular failure 
JAAD 53:660–662, 2005
Testicular feminization – defective estrogen receptors 
Rook
p.3151, 1998, Sixth Edition
Thyrotoxicosis 
Ghatan p.51, 2002, Second Edition
Virginal breast hypertrophy – sudden massive enlargement
of one or both breasts, girls ages 8–16 years – prominent
veins, peau d’orange and rarely necrosis 
Ped Derm
17:277–281, 2000
NEOPLASTIC DISEASES
Adrenocortical tumors 
Rook p.3152, 1998, Sixth Edition
Breast carcinoma; including male breast cancer – unilateral
gynecomastia 
Cutis 69:98–102, 2002
Bronchial carcinoma 
Rook p.3152, 1998, Sixth Edition
Cystosarcoma phylloides
Ductal papillomas
Epidermoid cyst
Fibroadenomas
HCG or aromatase-producing tumors – bilateral gyncecomastia
JAAD 53:660–662, 2005
Hepatoma
Hybrid cysts – epidermoid and apocrine cyst 
Am J
Dermatopathol 18:364–366, 1996
Leukemia – acute lymphoblastic leukemia masquerading as
gynecomastia 
Am J Med 108:677–679, 2000
Lipomas
Lymphoma – CTCL mimicking EAC in a child 
BJD
152:565–566, 2005; CTCL Rook p.3152, 1998, Sixth Edition
Metastases – breast carcinoma, other primary malignancies;
chondrosarcomatous cutaneous metastases 
Am J
Dermatopathol 18:538–542, 1996
Myxoid fibroadenoma 
Am J Surg Pathol 15:835–841, 1991
Ovarian follicular cysts
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors
Pilomatrixomas
Pituitary tumors 
Rook p.3152, 1998, Sixth Edition
Prolactinoma – bilateral gynecomastia 
JAAD 53:660–662, 2005
Testicular tumors – seminoma, interstitial cell tumor, Sertoli cell
tumor, teratomas; all secrete human chorionic gonadotropin
NEJM 328:490–495, 1993