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On the emergence of eco-tourism had a significant impact the processes of
industrialization and urbanization. There is no doubt that industrialization strengthens
the economic power of the country, creates the material
conditions for its further
development. But at the same time, it restricts the living space of people, limiting
their mobility, subjects them to "iron Moloch", imposing man they dictated the
rhythm and pace of life.
The process of
urbanization is irreversible, and question it - anyway, that the
fight against windmills. According to the forecast of the United Nations, in the
industrialized countries, the share of urban population will exceed 90% by 2025, but
a hundred of the largest cities in the world will total more than 5 billion. This
explains the growing interest in eco-tourism. Many sociological studies show that
among the leading motives of travel to the fore more and more pushed people's desire
to communicate with nature. For example,
in one survey, tourists who prefer a
refreshing holiday in the mountains, answered that they wanted to breathe fresh air,
see the clear streams, tranquil mountains and lawns, where cows, but not displayed in
supermarkets.
Eco-tourism - is a kind of tourism, which is expressed in the active time of
transmission to the human environment, not only with the use of its recreational,
educational
and other opportunities, but also with regard to their conservation and
enhancement, both on a conscious and on a practical level.
The basic idea of eco-tourism - is, above all, concern for the environment, which
is used for tourism purposes. It is this use of the wealth of nature combined with the
education of love for her, the statement of the importance of its protection and is the
hallmark of ecological tourism.
The idea received a specific embodiment is that ecotourism is intended to:
- Continuously, systematically and purposefully cultivate balance environmental
criterion we Natural environment;
- To harmonize the relationship between the environment, society and economy;
- To focus the organization on the tour to preserve and increase the use value of
the natural environment through the allocation of part of the tourism revenue to solve
related problems;
- To subordinate short-term interests to profit from tourism long-term interests
of nature conservation for future generations as well as for the
further development of
tourism;
- To form the tourists a sense of personal responsibility for the state of nature
and its future, maintaining their sense of belonging to it as an organic part of it.
Development of ecological tourism in the republic, in the presence of a strong
ecological tourism base, is constrained mainly by economic and organizational
reasons. Among the economic reasons are:
- Lack of the necessary initial capital for financing the creation of environmental
centers, which would have started exploring the whole complex
of issues related to
the development of targeted programs of environmental travel;
- Small investments in eco-tourism infrastructure, which affects the condition of
the hotel, tourist transport services;
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- Lack of funds for an advertising campaign in order to attract the attention of
potential tourists to visit at least those areas that have any infrastructure for the
reception, accommodation and guest services.
For organizational reasons include:
- The limitations of the tourist routes in the field of eco-tourism and a weak
furnished;
- Lack of specialized tour companies in the area of eco-tourism;
- Bureaucratic restrictions and restrictions on access to the eco tourist attractive
in relation to the natural places mainly due to
no elaboration mechanism of
interaction between the administration of protected areas with the organizers of
tourist trips and eco-tours;
- Modest set of recreational services for tourists;
- The lack of ecotourism advertising;
- A limited number of qualified professionals in the field of eco-tourism, can
take over the development, organization and conduct eco-tours;
- Lack of adequate legal framework of ecotourism.
To this we must add the factor of psychological unpreparedness to participate in
the organization and conduct of the eco tours as the administration of protected areas,
and living in these territories of the local population. In this direction a lot of work to
be done. Its result would be a recognition of the ecological tourism in environmental
protection activities, entrusted by law as a full participant
in the protected areas,
which, in fact, he suggests, but rather in a correct manner.
In Uzbekistan, the use of tourism as a potential factor in the development of
individual regions takes place within the framework of the adoption of target
complex programs. Almost all areas with promising tourism resources, developing
such projects. As part of the program allocated
promising types of tourism, as also
defined a list of specific actions to implement them.
In the territorial structure of the economy of the country can find a lot of places
for which the tourist activity will be an additional impetus for the development, and
the government should take care of it. A limitation of polluting industries, agriculture
and transport, the formation of comprehensive income regions tourism acts battery of
economic policy. There is no doubt that it is eco-tourism, environmental constraints
of production form the economy of the future both in Uzbekistan and abroad.
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