Сборник тезисов «Ипак ва зираворлар»

LECTURES 
1. 
Агопонов С.В. Средства дистанционного обучения - СПб.: БХВ-
Петербург, 2005. - 109 с. 

---

235 
2. 
Вуль В. Электронный учебник и самостоятельная работа студентов: 
в сборнике Учебные и справочные электронные издания: опыт и проблемы: 
Материалы научно-практической конференции. - СПб.: Петербургский 
институт печати, 2002. - 157 с. 
3. 
Демкин В.П., Можаева Г.В. Технологии дистанционного обучения. 
- Томск, 2007. 
4. 
Для 
студентов 
лекции, 
методички, 
учебники. 
Страница 
"Организация обучения Online в сетевой среде с использованием системы 
дистанционного обучения Moodle". http://pws49. awardspace.com 
 
Xodjayeva D.X. 
 Bukhara city, Uzbekistan 
PECULIARITIES OF RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN 
UZBEKISTAN 
 
Tourism is one of the most important spheres of the modern world economy, 
aimed at meeting the people's needs for recreation, which ultimately contributes to 
the improvement of the quality of life of the population. As is known, the 
development of tourism affects the more productive development of the economy of 
any state, regardless of the sectoral structure of the economy. 
Depending on the purpose of the trip, the desire to get one or another of the 
tourist experience, as well as the chosen tourist route, distinguish many types of 
tourism. Among the specialized species there are sports, educational, therapeutic and 
health, spiritual, educational or religious, extreme, rural tourism, scientific, 
gastronomic, etc. Uzbekistan has a rich resource and natural potential for the 
development of virtually all types of tourism. 
The development of the tourism industry is becoming one of the priority 
economic tasks of our state, especially within the framework of the regional 
economy. In the decree adopted by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On 
the Strategy of Actions for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan 
for 2017-2021" one of the priority directions for the development and liberalization 
of the economy is "... accelerated development of the tourism industry, enhancing its 
role and contribution to the economy, diversification and quality improvement tourist 
services, expansion of tourist infrastructure "
27
. 
In recent years, so-called rural tourism has received rapid development in 
world tourism.
The practice of developed countries shows that rural tourism has an 
effective impact on the economic and social development of rural areas.
In turn, the 
development of rural tourism directly depends on the socio-economic conditions, the 
state of the infrastructure and the attractiveness of a certain tourist region. 
Rural tourism, as well as its varieties of agritourism and farm tourism, is close 
to ecological travel in that the destinations of such tourism are the territories remote 
from urban centers and megacities.
This is tourism associated with staying in rural 
27
Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан О стратегии действий по дальнейшему развитию Республики Узбекистан 
(Собрание законодательства Республики Узбекистан, 2017 г., № 6, ст. 70, № 20, ст. 354)

---

236 
areas, living in rural houses or peasant families, resting in nature, with picturesque 
landscapes, in a secluded rural environment, with a measured pace of life, with 
participation in local folk traditions, festivals, rituals, etc. The countryside has 
opportunities for walking or horse riding, fishing, gathering mushrooms, berries, 
herbs, etc. Coloring this kind of tourism gives a "live" culture of the rural community: 
people with their own way of life, including life, costume, cuisine, crafts, language 
(dialects), folklore.
Destinations of rural tourism differ in their geographical and 
climatic features (plain or mountain, lake or coastal areas, northern or southern), 
more or less remoteness from urban centers[1, p.28]. 
The history of the development of rural tourism shows that a society with a 
high level of income has always "gravitated" to visit places far from the centers, to be 
alone with nature, to feel all the "delights" of rural life. 
Often, rural tourism is similar to eco-tourism, because both are directly related 
to nature.
However, there are differences. Ecological tourism is recreation in 
ecologically clean zones, participation in ecological projects for the conservation of 
flora and fauna.
The main thing in ecotourism is that in the center of the tourist 
product is a rare, exotic natural environment. And the presence of the latter very often 
makes this kind of tourism "expensive".
Rural tourism, in turn, includes virtually all types of visits to rural areas: for the 
purposes of acquaintance with culture, cooking, sightseeing, located in remote rural 
areas, simply relaxing in the fresh air. 
The experience of the development of rural tourism in the developed countries 
of Europe shows that the construction of railways, that is, the development of 
transport infrastructure, "made" a visit to rural areas more accessible.
It should also 
be noted that, the profit from this type of tourism in developed countries of Europe is 
hundreds of millions of dollars.
The main recognized leaders in attracting tourists to 
the countryside are Spain, France, Italy, Ireland, Switzerland and Scandinavian 
countries [3, p.94]. 
In Europe, in addition to locating tourists in rural houses and farms, it is 
possible to place in reconstructed ancient castles, monasteries and mills, where 
visitors to a large extent come into contact with antiquity.
The rest of the services - 
living in a rural home, eating village food, gathering plants and berries, caring for 
pets, haymaking, fishing and many other types of services and entertainment are 
organized at a high level. 
To date, rural tourism is one of the most promising types of tourism, having a 
positive impact on the sustainable development of the territory and obtaining 
economic benefits. 
The development of rural tourism is an additional source for the agricultural 
economy, through the diversification of agro-industrial production, increasing the 
share of eco-products, increasing the incomes of farmers, and, in general, the welfare 
of the rural population.
Thus, in France, every third tourist is a rural tourist, in the UK 10% of 
entrepreneurs doing business in rural areas offer services in the field of rural tourism, 
in Germany this figure is 4% [4]. 

---

237 
Based on the experience of the development of this type of tourism, it is here 
that several national European models of rural tourism organization have emerged: 
the British, French, German, Italian, Czech, Spanish and Latvian models. Let us 
consider some of them. 
The development of rural tourism in Germany dates back to the 1960s. For the 
German model, it is typical to live and eat in the farmer's house. The construction of 
new buildings in rural areas is not very practiced.
In Germany, rural tourism has a 
special focus on farming, that is, direct work in fields, household plots or in the 
garden.
Event tourism also needs to be attributed, within the framework of this 
model, to rural, the type of frequent trips of residents to the countryside during the 
festivals. In general, this is the country that was one of the first in Europe to start 
promoting this type of tourism. 
Characteristic features of the British model are accommodation systems that 
provide both contact with the farmer's family and the possibility of self-service, and, 
in view of the developed riding culture, frequent practices of communication with 
animals, trips around the countryside.
The British model includes elements of 
cognitive and ecological tourism. 
The essence of the Italian model is the combination of a typical holiday in the 
countryside with the restoration of health, the study of gastronomy and locally 
produced products, which differ due to their territorial location, as well as playing 
sports. In Italy, this type of tourism originates immediately after the Second World 
War, and later becomes an official part of its economy. 
One of the main conditions of rural hospitality in Italy, which the state sets 
before the hosts, host guests, is that they should not stop their agricultural production.
Tourists can take only those farms that have passed special training courses, as well 
as whose living conditions comply with all European norms and standards.
Accommodation of tourists takes place in the apartments and rooms, that is, 
depending on the cost of the tour package. Sometimes in practice there are also tent 
camps. 
However, one can not refute the fact that there is no single or universal model 
for the development of rural tourism.
In each country and even the region, in 
accordance with the peculiarities of natural conditions and resources, traditions and 
way of life pursued by economic policy, there is a concept for the development of 
rural tourism. 
In general, examining the experience of the development of rural tourism in 
Europe, the following conclusion can be drawn: the development of tourism in rural 
areas is a real opportunity to narrow the gap between the most backward rural areas 
and the industrialized centers of the country or region. 
Uzbekistan is a country with a lot of historical attractions and preserved in the 
inviolability of picturesque rural places, with nature parks and museum-cities "in the 
open air". Intensive tours and accommodation in family mini-hotels, the development 
of a network of which is actively encouraged by the state, in such tourist centers as 
Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. 
You can use the opportunity to travel to the countryside, mountain villages, 
where hospitable locals, individual service, the opportunity to live for several days in 

---

238 
the real atmosphere of the Uzbek house, feeling the charm of simple life, plunging 
into ancient culture and touching the land with centuries-old traditions.
The peculiarity of the Uzbek mentality is the kindness and cordiality of people.
Attracting tourists to rest in the homes of the local population aims to create good 
human relations between them, the exchange of cultures and traditions.
When such 
relationships are established, the hearts of people open up and make them ready for 
any creative creation, which is so necessary for all of us, in our difficult times. 
Locals know all the paths in the mountains and can carry tourists to waterfalls, 
to lakes, to caves and to almost unknown places. All this is still preserved in 
Uzbekistan. 
Guests will be taught how to ride, milk a cow, mow hay, shoot down butter, 
spinning yarn, pick cotton and many other practical skills, without which life in the 
countryside is impossible. 
If the guests wish, then the host family will organize hikes in the mountains or 
steppe for mushrooms, berries, nuts, herbs, will also offer traditional sightseeing 
services for acquaintance with the culture, traditions and way of life of indigenous 
peoples, treat them with national dishes prepared from environmentally friendly 
products, which is very lacking in many developed countries. 
In some regions of Uzbekistan rural tourism has already received a certain 
development, although there is no strong competition in this area.
For example, rural 
tourism is well developed in the Jizzakh, Bukhara, Navoi regions, in the northern 
slopes of the Nurata Ridge.
In rural settlements such as Eski Farish, Uhum, Hayat, 
Mejrum, guest houses have been organized where it is possible to get acquainted with 
rural life directly, i.e. baking of bread, process of production of local melted butter, 
etc.
In addition, guests of these houses make fascinating walks in the mountain tracts, 
get acquainted with the flora and fauna of the Nurata mountain range. There is a 
possibility of renting horses and donkeys. 
Among the sights of this region, you can note individual petroglyphs, the high-
altitude lake Fazilman, as well as a huge specimen of the eastern biota in the village 
of Mejrum.
Usually, after visiting guest houses in villages of the northern slopes of the 
Nurata ridge, tourists go to yurt camps located in close proximity to Lake Aidarkul.
Here they can get acquainted with the nature of the Aydar-Arnasai lake system, and 
also come in contact with the sand of the Kyzylkum desert, coming close to the camp.
Acquaintance with the life of desert residents and their traditional way of life can also 
be included in the program of these tours. 
Also in the Bukhara region there is an experience of revival of crafts, such as 
the production of ceramic products, using the example of the Gijduvan School of 
Ceramics of the family of the Narzullaevs in the sixth generation, which differ in the 
use of special geometric shapes and colors in ornaments famous not only in our 
country but all over the world.
Guests are given the opportunity to participate in the 
process of production of ceramic products. 
Unlike other areas of tourism, rural tourism has its own specifics, which is 
expressed in minimizing costs, primarily for food and accommodation.
Naturally, 
food in rural areas is 2-2.5 times cheaper than in the city. Accommodation here is 

---

239 
also cheaper, especially in the summer.
This at least halves the cost of vouchers and 
that creates an additional opportunity to attract visitors to our country. 
Proceeding from the above, it is possible to list the following socio-economic 
prerequisites for the development of rural tourism in Uzbekistan: 
1. High natural and agricultural potential of the country; 
2. Presence of cultural and historical monuments of world purpose; 
3. Goodwill and cordiality of the Uzbek mentality (which is important for the 
development of all types of tourism); 
4. The revival of ancient crafts and traditions, the "unique" rural way of life; 
5. Active state policy, that is, a large number of organizations that can promote 
the development of rural tourism. 
In general, the development of rural tourism in socio-economic terms solves a 
number of whole tasks: 
 
ensuring the socio-economic development of rural areas through 
relatively non-traditional activities; 
 
creation and increase of jobs in the hospitality industry (providing 
employment in rural areas); 
 
reducing the outflow of youth from rural areas; 
 
preservation and popularization of the traditional rural way of life, crafts, 
methods of cultivation of land, etc .; 
 
revival of national traditions, customs, national culture; 
 
solving environmental problems related to nature protection; 
 
development of rural infrastructure; 
 
enhances the cultural and intellectual level of the villagers; 
 
stimulates the production of environmentally friendly food; 
 
the development of new professions related to maintenance; 
 
creation and active functioning of tourist enterprises in remote and 
sparsely populated regions, etc. 
Thus, the presented analysis showed that our country has a rich natural and 
agricultural potential. It also requires a systematic approach that will increase and 
create serious competition for rural areas, will increase the demand for tourism 
services and thereby ensure their sustainable development.