13
Teaching in Nonpedagogical Institutions of
Higher Education
Several doctoral dissertations have been devoted to mathematics
education in technological universities or in the mathematics depart-
ments of (nonpedagogical) universities. Often, the works focus on
new approaches to teaching existing courses or on developing new
courses, including courses that appear to the authors to be useful for
the “humanitarization” of education. Usually, a study involves the
development of new teaching manuals. The pedagogical experiment
is the main research methodology applied in these studies, along with
observations, interviewing, questioning, and testing.
Beklemishev’s (1994) study can serve as an example of work with
sufficiently traditional courses. He has designed a course and a corre-
sponding textbook that integrates analytic geometry and linear algebra
for university students studying physics and mathematics, or physics
and engineering. The combination offered by the author provides
significant convenience, as his own practical observations confirm,
enabling improved and faster assimilation of necessary knowledge.
The work of Sekovanov (2002) is devoted to a subject that is
new to colleges: fractal geometry. The author examines this subject
as a means of developing students’ creativity. Pointing out a number
of problems and contradictions in contemporary higher education
(such as the gap between the need for creative professionals and the
reproductive nature of educational processes in many universities),
he proposes a program for studying fractal geometry, which in his
opinion facilitates the development of student creativity. Consequently,
his work analyzes the theoretical aspects of the problem and also offers
practical recommendations, which are embodied in a series of manuals
written by him and tested out in actual teaching.
Perminov (2007) examines the problems of studying discrete
mathematics in secondary schools and universities and providing for
continuity in this branch of study. He points out a gap between the
secondary school requirements in discrete mathematics and the way
in which discrete mathematics is actually taught in universities; he
suggests that continuity in the study of discrete mathematics might be
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strengthened if this study were conducted within a computer science
framework and particularly if emphasis were placed on the role of
discrete mathematics as “a foundation for teaching [students] to design
a complete sequence of steps in the use of computers” (p. 6). The
author has developed an overall conception of the continuous study of
discrete mathematics; within the framework of this conception, he has
developed instructional materials for schools and universities that have
been used in various locations.
The work of Kornilov (2008) is devoted to the teaching of rather
specialized issues in applied mathematics, but he examines these issues
in light of the changing approaches to university education that are
collectively referred to as “humanitarization.” Consequently, after
discussing the general theoretical aspects of this notion, he seeks to
define the humanities-oriented component of the course topic that is
the focus of his study (for example, he explores the means that the
course might offer for the students’ personal growth). Kornilov has
developed various methodological recommendations, which in his view
represent the practical importance of his results.
Gusak’s (2003) dissertation is based on many years of experience
in using the textbook that he has written for natural science majors
at universities; this textbook has gone through multiple editions.
(He claims that this is one of the most stable mathematics textbooks for
university students who are not majoring in mathematics.) His work
includes a theoretical examination of the pedagogical effectiveness
of textbooks and is based on an analysis of the pedagogical and
methodological literature and mathematical programs in university
education. He cites a pedagogical experiment that took place over
32 years (1971–2003) and was accompanied by observations, ques-
tionnaires for university students and teachers, and the evaluation of
students’ mathematical knowledge acquired by working with specially
designed instructional materials. Gusak emphasizes that a textbook’s
structure must possess several fundamental characteristics, including
purposefulness, a systematic approach, the sequential presentation of
educational material, logical and semantic unity, and openness. The
didactic principles which he recommends applying when designing
instructional materials and university textbooks include visualization,
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Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
simplicity and clarity, the nonformal introduction of mathematical
concepts, the verbal interpretation of formulas, explicit connections
between different chapters and sections of the textbook, the integration
of the mathematical course with the specific scientific context that
is relevant to the students, the inclusion in the textbook of the
theory of computational methods, and integration into the history of
mathematics.
Rozanova (2003) also devotes her study to teaching students who
are not mathematicians, but she is more occupied with a general
problem: that of cultivating mathematical literacy among students at
technological universities. This topic involves her in defining what
constitutes mathematical literacy, analyzing the history of the develop-
ment of modern mathematical literacy, and searching for practical ways
to raise students’ mathematical literacy. She views the mathematical
literacy of future engineers as a system of mathematical knowledge
and skills that is applicable to their professional, sociocultural, and
political activities, and leads to the fulfillment of their humanistic
and intellectual potential. She claims that the mathematical literacy
of the graduates of a technological university is formed when their
mathematical reasoning is developed, when they become aware of
the importance of mathematics as science, and when they are able
to use the mathematics that they learned at the university in their
professional lives. She considers the main result of her study to
consist of her formulation of the conception of the development of
mathematical literacy among students of technological universities,
and the development of a methodological model through which this
conception may be implemented in actual practice.
The work of Salekhova (2007) was carried out in a pedagogical
college and thus belongs to a category of studies which will be mainly
addressed below, but we will analyze it in this section because the prepa-
ration of mathematics teachers does not constitute her main content
and, as she remarks, “the model designed here may be implemented not
only in pedagogical colleges but also in other educational institutions”
(p. 16). This dissertation is devoted to developing approaches to
teaching mathematics in English to students who study in special
groups with an advanced course in the English language (note that the
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expression “bilingual education,” frequently employed by the author,
may be misleading: the dissertation is concerned with the study of
a foreign language). Salekhova asserts that teaching mathematics in
English facilitates the development and advancement of the linguistic
and mathematical competences of the students and promotes their
ability to seek out and productively receive mathematical information
in two languages. She points out that while the need for such a course is
apparent, no experience in such teaching exists in practice. According
to her, the experiments she has conducted here have confirmed the
efficacy of her approach.
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